Iyi nteruro y'amagambo ikubiyemo amagambo y'ingenzi ajyanye n'udufuka two gupfunyika tworoshye n'ibikoresho, igaragaza ibice bitandukanye, imiterere, n'imikorere ikoreshwa mu gukora no gukoresha. Gusobanukirwa aya magambo bishobora gufasha mu guhitamo no gushushanya ibisubizo byiza byo gupfunyika.
Dore inkoranyamagambo y'amagambo asanzwe ajyanye n'udufuka two gupfunyika tworoshye n'ibikoresho:
1.Gufata neza:Ni ikintu gikoreshwa mu guhuza ibikoresho, gikunze gukoreshwa mu mafirime n'udufuka tw'ibirahuri byinshi.
2. Gufunga neza
Uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta aho ibice by'ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bishyirwa hamwe hakoreshejwe kole.
3.AL - Ifuru ya aluminiyumu
Igipimo gito (microni 6-12) cya aluminiyumu gishyizwe kuri za pulasitiki kugira ngo gitange ogisijeni nyinshi, impumuro nziza n'ubushobozi bwo kubuza amazi. Nubwo ari cyo kintu cyiza cyane cyo kubuza amazi, kirimo gusimburwa na za firime zakozwe mu byuma, (reba MET-PET, MET-OPP na VMPET) kubera ikiguzi.
4. Inzitizi
Imiterere y'imbogamizi: Ubushobozi bw'ikintu mu kurwanya imyuka, ubushuhe n'urumuri, ni ingenzi mu kongera igihe cyo kumara ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse.
5. Ishobora kubora:Ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika mu buryo busanzwe bikaba ibice bitari uburozi mu bidukikije.
6.CPP
Filimi ya Polypropylene ikozwe mu buryo bwa Cast. Bitandukanye na OPP, irafungwa ubushyuhe, ariko iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane kurusha LDPE, bityo ikoreshwa nk'urwego rwo gufunga ubushyuhe mu ipaki ishobora gupfunyika. Ariko, ntabwo ikomeye nka filimi ya OPP.
7.COF
Igipimo cy’ubushyuhe, ni ugupima "ubunyerere" bwa pulasitiki na laminate. Ibipimo akenshi bikorerwa ku buso bwa firime ku buso bwa firime. Ibipimo bishobora no gukorerwa ku bundi buso, ariko ntibisabwa, kuko agaciro ka COF gashobora kwangirika bitewe n’impinduka mu buso n’umwanda ku buso bwapimwe.
8. Valve y'ikawa
Valve yorohereza umuvuduko yongewe mu dufuka twa kawa kugira ngo ihumeke umwuka udasanzwe mu gihe ikomeza kuba nziza. Nanone yitwa valve y'impumuro kuko igufasha guhumurirwa n'umuti binyuze muri valve.
9. Agafuka ko gukatamo uduce
Agapfunyika gakozwe n'udupfunyika two ku ruhande hanyuma kagaca mu gipfunyika cyo gukata ibikoresho bifunze cyane, bigasiga igishushanyo mbonera cy'agapfunyika kandi gifite ishusho ya nyuma. Bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ubwoko bw'agapfunyika ko guhagarara no guhagarara.
10. Doy Pack (Doyen)
Agafuka gahagaze gafite ibipfundikizo ku mpande zombi no ku nkengero z'agasanduku ko hasi. Mu 1962, Louis Doyen yavumbuye kandi ashyiraho patenti y'agafuka ka mbere koroshye gafite hasi huzuye ubwinshi kitwa Doy pack. Nubwo iyi paki nshya itari intsinzi y'ako kanya, iri gutera imbere cyane muri iki gihe kuva patenti yinjiye mu muryango wa rubanda. Nanone yanditswe - Doypak, Doypac, Doy pak, Doy pac.
11. Inzoga ya Ethylene Vinyl (EVOH):Plasitike ifite uburebure bunini ikunze gukoreshwa muri filime nyinshi kugira ngo itange uburinzi bwiza ku nzitizi za gaze
12. Gupfunyika byoroshye:Gupfunyika byakozwe mu bikoresho bishobora gupfunyika byoroshye, guhindagurika, cyangwa kuzingwa, ubusanzwe birimo imifuka, amasakoshi, na za firime.
13. Gucapa ibishushanyo bya Gravure
(Rotogravure). Mu gucapa gravure, ishusho irashyirwa ku buso bw'icyuma, agace gashushanyijeho kakazura wino, hanyuma isahani ikazunguruka ku cyuma cyimura ishusho kuri firime cyangwa ikindi kintu. Gravure ni amagambo ahinnye ya Rotogravure.
14. Gusset
Uruhande cyangwa hepfo by'agafuka, bigatuma gashobora kwaguka iyo ibikubiyemo bishyizwemo
15. HDPE
Polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (0.95-0.965). Iki gice gifite ubukana bwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi burwanya kandi gifite ubushobozi bwo kubuza amazi guhumeka kurusha LDPE, nubwo gifite ubukana bwinshi.
16. Imbaraga z'ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe
Imbaraga z'ubushyuhe zipimwa nyuma y'uko ubushyuhe bukonje.
17. Gutanga amanota hakoreshejwe laser
Gukoresha urumuri rurerure rutanga ingufu nyinshi mu guca igice cy'ikintu mu murongo ugororotse cyangwa mu buryo buteye nk'ishusho. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gufungura ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo byoroshye.
18.LDPE
Polyethylene nkeya, (0.92-0.934). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gufunga ubushyuhe no mu gupfunyika mu buryo bwinshi.
19. Filimi ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi:Ibikoresho bivanze bikozwe mu byiciro bibiri cyangwa byinshi bya firime zitandukanye, bitanga imiterere myiza y'imbogamizi no kuramba.
20.MDPE
Ubucucike buringaniye, (0.934-0.95) polyethylene. Ifite ubukana bwinshi, aho ishongesha cyane kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kubuza amazi guhumeka neza.
21.MET-OPP
Filimi ya OPP ikozwe mu byuma. Ifite imiterere myiza yose ya filimi ya OPP, hamwe n'imiterere myiza cyane yo kubuza umwuka wa ogisijeni n'umwuka w'amazi, (ariko ntabwo ari nziza nka MET-PET).
22. Filime ifite urwego rwinshi:Filimi igizwe n'ibice byinshi by'ibikoresho bitandukanye, buri kimwe gitanga imiterere yihariye nk'imbaraga, imbogamizi, no gufunga.
23. Mylar:Izina ry'ikirango cy'ubwoko bwa filime ya polyester izwiho gukomera, kuramba, n'imiterere yayo yo kubuza ibintu.
24.NY – Nayiloni
Resine za polyamide, zifite aho zishonga cyane, zisobanutse neza kandi zikomera. Hari ubwoko bubiri bukoreshwa mu gukora filime - nylon-6 na nylon-66. Iyi ya nyuma ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushonga, bityo ikaba irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ariko iya mbere yoroshye kuyitunganya, kandi ihendutse. Zombi zifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubuza umwuka wa ogisijeni n'impumuro nziza, ariko ni imbogamizi mbi ku mwuka w'amazi.
25. OPP - Filimi ya PP (polypropylene) ishingiye ku murongo
Filimi ikomeye kandi isobanutse neza, ariko ntishobora gufunga ubushyuhe. Akenshi ihuzwa n'izindi firime, (nka LDPE) kugira ngo ifunga ubushyuhe. Ishobora gusigwa na PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride), cyangwa igashyirwa mu cyuma kugira ngo irusheho kunoza imiterere y'uruzitiro.
26.OTR - Igipimo cyo kohereza ogisijeni
Ingano y'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki iratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubushuhe; bityo rero igomba kugaragazwa. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igerageza ni ubushuhe bwa 0, 60 cyangwa 100%. Ibipimo ni cc./100 santimetero kare / amasaha 24, (cyangwa cc/metero kare / amasaha 24) (cc = santimetero kibe)
27.PET - Polyester, (Polyethylene Tereftalate)
Polymeri ikomeye kandi irwanya ubushyuhe. Filimi ya PET ifite umurongo wa kabiri ikoreshwa mu gupfunyikamo, aho itanga imbaraga, gukomera no kudashyuha. Akenshi ihuzwa n'izindi firime kugira ngo ikomeze gufunga ubushyuhe no kunoza imiterere y'uruzitiro.
28.PP - Polypropylene
Ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga buri hejuru cyane, bityo ikaba irwanya ubushyuhe kurusha PE. Ubwoko bubiri bwa PP filime zikoreshwa mu gupfunyika: icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma (reba CAPP) n'icyerekezo (reba OPP).
29. Isakoshi:Ubwoko bw'ipaki yoroshye yagenewe gutwara ibicuruzwa, akenshi ifite agapfundikizo gafunze n'umwobo woroshye kubigeraho.
30.PVDC - Polyvinylidene Chloride
Ni uruzitiro rwiza cyane rwa ogisijeni n'umwuka w'amazi, ariko ntirushobora gukurwamo, bityo ruboneka cyane cyane nk'igipfundikizo cyo kunoza imiterere y'uruzitiro rw'izindi filime za pulasitiki, (nka OPP na PET) zo gupakira. Igipfundikizo cya PVDC n'igipfundikizo cya 'saran' ni bimwe.
31. Kugenzura Ubwiza:Ingamba n'uburyo bwo gupakira byashyizweho kugira ngo bigenzure ko ibipfunyika byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bikore neza kandi bigire umutekano.
32. Isakoshi y'ikimenyetso cya kane:Agafuka gafunganye kane ni ubwoko bw'agafuka gapfunyikamo ibintu bine—ibiri bihagaze n'ibiri bigororotse—bituma habaho agafuka gafunganye ku mpande zombi. Iyi miterere ifasha agafuka guhagarara neza, bigatuma gakwirakwira cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bipfunyikamo bifite akamaro ko kwerekana no guhagarara neza, nk'uduseke, ikawa, ibiryo by'amatungo, n'ibindi.
33. Gusubiza inyuma
Gutunganya cyangwa guteka ibiryo bipfunyitse mu gikoresho gishyushye cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa mu gikoresho gishyushye kugira ngo bisukure ibikubiyemo kugira ngo bigumane ubushyuhe igihe kirekire bibikwa. Udupaki twa Retort dukorwa mu bikoresho bikwiriye ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo guteka, muri rusange hafi ya 121° C.
34. Resin:Ikintu gikomeye cyangwa gifite imiterere ikomeye cyane gikomoka ku bimera cyangwa ibikoresho by’ubukorikori, gikoreshwa mu gukora pulasitiki.
35. Umuzingo w'ibicuruzwa
Bivugwa ku bikoresho byose byo gupfunyikamo byoroshye biri mu ishusho y'umuzingo.
36.Icapiro rya Rotogravure - (Gravure)
Mu gucapa gravure, ishusho irashyirwa ku gice cy'icyuma, agace gashyirwamo gravure kakazura wino, hanyuma agace gazunguruka ku cyuma cyimura ishusho kuri firime cyangwa ikindi kintu. Gravure isobanurwa mu magambo ahinnye nka Rotogravure.
37. Agafuka k'inkoni
Agafuka gato gapfunyikamo ibintu byoroshye gakunze gukoreshwa mu gupakira ibinyobwa by'ifu bivangwa n'ibinyobwa bimwe nk'ibinyobwa by'imbuto, ikawa n'icyayi byihuse hamwe n'ibikomoka ku isukari n'amavuta.
38. Urwego rufunga:Urupapuro ruri mu firime y'ibice byinshi rutanga ubushobozi bwo gukora ibifunga mu gihe cyo gupakira.
39. Filimi yo kugabanya ubukana:Agapfunyika ka pulasitiki gafata neza hejuru y'ikintu iyo gikoreshejwe ubushyuhe, gakunze gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwa kabiri bwo gupfunyika.
40. Ingufu zo gukurura:Ubudahangarwa bw'ikintu mu gusenyuka bitewe n'imbaraga, ni ingenzi mu gutuma imifuka yoroshye iramba.
41.VMPET - Filimi ya PET ikozwe mu cyuma ikoresha vacuum metallised
Ifite imiterere myiza yose ya PET film, hamwe n'imiterere myiza cyane yo kugabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni n'umwuka w'amazi.
42. Gupfunyika mu cyuma gifunga:Uburyo bwo gupakira bukura umwuka mu gafuka kugira ngo bwongere ubushyuhe n'igihe cyo kubikwa.
43.WVTR - Igipimo cyo kohereza umwuka w'amazi
ubusanzwe bipimirwa ku bushyuhe bwa 100%, bigaragazwa muri garama/santimetero kare 100/amasaha 24, (cyangwa garama/metero kare/amasaha 24). Reba MVTR.
44. Isakoshi y'izipu
Agafuka gashobora gufungwa cyangwa kongera gufungwa gakozwe mu gice cya pulasitiki aho ibice bibiri bya pulasitiki bihurira kugira ngo bitange uburyo bwo kongera gufungwa mu gipfunyika cyoroshye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-26-2024
