Filimi ivanze ya pulasitiki ni ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gupfunyika mu gupfunyika bidahinduka. Gupfunyika no gutwika ibiryo mu bushyuhe ni inzira y'ingenzi yo gupfunyika ibiryo bivanze mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko, imiterere y'ibiryo bivanze bya pulasitiki ikunze kwangirika nyuma yo gushyuha, bigatuma ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bidahuye n'amategeko. Iyi nkuru isesengura ibibazo bikunze kugaragara nyuma yo guteka imifuka ivanze mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ishyira ahagaragara uburyo bwo gupima imikorere yayo, yizeye ko izagira akamaro mu gukora umwimerere.
Udupaki two gupakiramo ibintu bidashyuha cyane ni ubwoko bw'udupaki dukoreshwa cyane mu gupakira inyama, soya n'ibindi biribwa byateguwe. Muri rusange dupakirwa mu cyuma gishyushye kandi dushobora kubikwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba nyuma yo gushyushya no gusukurwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi (100 ~ 135°C). Ibiryo bipakiye bidashobora gushyuha biroroshye gutwara, byiteguye kuribwa nyuma yo gufungura agakapu, bifite isuku kandi byoroshye, kandi bishobora kugumana uburyohe bw'ibiryo, bityo bikundwa cyane n'abaguzi. Bitewe n'uburyo bwo gupakiramo ibintu bidashyuha n'ibikoresho byo gupakira, igihe cyo gupakiramo ibintu bidashyuha kiri hagati y'amezi atandatu n'imyaka ibiri.
Uburyo bwo gupakira ibiryo bisubije inyuma ni ugukora imifuka, gupakira, gusohora ifu, gufunga ubushyuhe, kugenzura, guteka no gushyushya, kumisha no gukonjesha, no gupakira. Guteka no gushyushya ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bw'igikorwa cyose. Ariko, iyo imifuka ipakiye ikozwe mu bikoresho bya polymer - pulasitiki, uruhererekane rw'ibinyabutabire rurushaho kwiyongera nyuma yo gushyuha, kandi imiterere y'ibikoresho ikunze kugabanuka. Iyi nkuru isesengura ibibazo bikunze kugaragara nyuma yo guteka imifuka isubije inyuma ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ikanashyira ahagaragara uburyo bwo gupima imikorere yayo.
1. Isesengura ry'ibibazo bikunze kugaragara ku mifuka ipfunyitse idakira
Ibiryo bishyushye cyane birapfunyikwa hanyuma bigashyushywa kandi bigashyirwa hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gupfunyika. Kugira ngo bigire imiterere myiza kandi bigire imiterere myiza yo kubuza ibiryo, gupfunyika birwanya ibiryo bikozwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye by'ibanze. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa birimo PA, PET, AL na CPP. Inyubako zikunze gukoreshwa zifite ibice bibiri bya firime zivanze, harimo ingero zikurikira (BOPA/CPP, PET/CPP), firime ivanze y'ibice bitatu (nka PA/AL/CPP, PET/PA/CPP) na firime ivanze y'ibice bine (nka PET/PA/AL/CPP). Mu musaruro nyawo, ibibazo bikunze kugaragara ni iminkanyari, imifuka yamenetse, umwuka usohoka n'impumuro mbi nyuma yo guteka:
1). Muri rusange hari ubwoko butatu bw'iminkanyari mu mifuka yo gupakira: iminkanyari itambitse cyangwa ihagaze cyangwa idasobanutse ku bikoresho byo gupakira; iminkanyari n'imyanya kuri buri cyiciro cy'ibice n'ubugari buke; iminkanyari y'ibikoresho byo gupakira, n'iminkanyari y'urwego rw'ibice n'izindi nzego z'ibice bitandukanye, bifite imirongo. Imifuka yamenetse igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: guturika no gucika hanyuma igacika.
2). Gutandukanya ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bivuga ko ibice by’ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bitandukanye. Gutandukanya ibintu bike bigaragazwa n’utubyimba tumeze nk’imirongo mu bice by’ibipfunyika byashyizwemo, kandi imbaraga zo gupfunyika ziragabanuka, ndetse bishobora no gucibwa buhoro buhoro n’intoki. Mu bihe bikomeye, urwego rw’ibipfunyika rutandukanywa ahantu hanini nyuma yo guteka. Iyo habayeho gutandukanya ibintu, gukomera kw’imiterere y’ibintu biri hagati y’ibice by’ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bizashira, kandi imiterere y’ibintu n’imiterere y’imbogamizi bizagabanuka cyane, bigatuma bidashoboka kuzuza ibisabwa mu gihe cyo gupfunyika, akenshi bigatera igihombo kinini ku kigo.
3). Gusohoka k'umwuka mu buryo busanzwe bigira igihe kirekire cyo guteka kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubibona mu gihe cyo guteka. Mu gihe cyo gutembera no kubika ibicuruzwa, uburebure bw'umusaruro bugabanuka kandi umwuka ugaragara mu ipaki. Kubwibyo, iki kibazo cy'ubwiza gikunze kuba ku mubare munini w'ibicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa bigira ingaruka zikomeye. Kuba umwuka usohoka bifitanye isano rya bugufi no kudafunga ubushyuhe neza no kudapfundikira neza ishashi.
4). Impumuro mbi nyuma yo guteka na yo ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara. Impumuro idasanzwe igaragara nyuma yo guteka ifitanye isano n'ibisigazwa byinshi by'ibinyabutabire mu bikoresho byo gupfunyikamo cyangwa guhitamo nabi ibikoresho. Iyo PE film ikoreshejwe nk'urwego rwo gufunga imbere mu mifuka yo gutekeshamo ubushyuhe bwinshi buri hejuru ya 120°, PE film ikunze kugira impumuro mbi iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi burenze. Kubwibyo, muri rusange RCPP itoranywa nk'urwego rw'imbere mu mifuka yo gutekeshamo ubushyuhe bwinshi.
2. Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ibipfunyika bidahinduka
Ibintu bituma habaho ibibazo by’ubwiza bw’ibipfunyika bidahinduka ni ingorabahizi kandi bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi nko gukoresha ibikoresho by’ibanze, kole, wino, kugenzura uburyo ibipfunyika n’ibishashi bikorerwamo, ndetse no kugenzura uburyo ibipfunyika bikorerwamo. Kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibipfunyika ari byiza kandi ko ibiribwa bimara igihe kirekire, ni ngombwa gukora ibizamini byo kwirinda guteka ku bikoresho bipfunyika.
Amabwiriza y’igihugu akoreshwa ku mashashi yo gupakira adahinduka ni GB/T10004-2008 “Filime ya Plastike yo gupakira, Gupakira byumye, Gupakira byo gusohora”, ashingiye kuri JIS Z 1707-1997 “Amahame Rusange ya Filimi za Plastike zo gupakira ibiryo” Yashyizweho kugira ngo isimbuze GB/T 10004-1998 “Filime n’amashashi bidahinduka” na GB/T10005-1998 “Filime ya Polypropylene ifite imiterere ibiri/Uburemere buke bwa Polyethylene Composite na Bags”. GB/T 10004-2008 ikubiyemo imiterere itandukanye n’ibipimo by’ibisigazwa by’ibinyabutabire bya filime n’amashashi bidahinduka, kandi isaba ko amashashi adahinduka agomba kugeragezwa kugira ngo arebe niba afite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Uburyo ni ukuzuza aside asetiki 4%, sulfide ya sodiyumu 1%, 5% ya chloride ya sodiyumu n'amavuta y'imboga mu dufuka dupfunyitse, hanyuma usohora umwuka ufunga, ushyushye kandi ushyiremo igitutu mu nkono yo gutekeshamo ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kuri 121°C mu gihe cy'iminota 40, hanyuma ukonjeshe mu gihe igitutu kidahinduka. Hanyuma isura yacyo, imbaraga zo gukurura, uburebure, imbaraga zo gukuraho n'imbaraga zo kuziba ubushyuhe birageragezwa, hanyuma hagakoreshwa igipimo cyo kugabanuka kugira ngo bisuzumwe. Uburyo bukurikira ni ubu:
R=（AB）/A×100
Muri formula, R ni igipimo cyo kugabanuka (%) cy'ibintu byageragejwe, A ni agaciro mpuzandengo k'ibintu byageragejwe mbere y'ikizamini cyo hagati kirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi; B ni agaciro mpuzandengo k'ibintu byageragejwe nyuma y'ikizamini cyo hagati kirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibisabwa mu mikorere ni ibi bikurikira: “Nyuma y'ikizamini cyo hagati kirwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibicuruzwa bifite ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 80 cyangwa hejuru yabyo ntibigomba kuba bifite ubushyuhe bukabije, ibyangiritse, impinduka zigaragara imbere cyangwa hanze y'isakoshi, kandi imbaraga zo gukuraho, imbaraga zo gukuraho, imbaraga zo gucika mu gihe cyo kuruhuka, n'imbaraga zo kuziba ubushyuhe. Igipimo kigomba kuba ≤30%.
3. Gupima imiterere y'imifuka ipfunyika idakira
Ikizamini nyacyo kuri mashini gishobora kumenya neza imikorere rusange y’ipaki idahinduka. Ariko, ubu buryo ntibutwara igihe gusa, ahubwo bunagengwa na gahunda yo gukora n’umubare w’ibizamini. Bufite ubushobozi buke bwo gukora, imyanda myinshi, n’igiciro kinini. Binyuze mu ikizamini cyo guhindukira kugira ngo harebwe imiterere ifatika nk’imiterere yo gukurura, imbaraga z’igishishwa, imbaraga zo gufunga ubushyuhe mbere na nyuma yo guhindukira, ubwiza bw’ipaki idahinduka bushobora gupimwa neza. Ibizamini byo guteka muri rusange bikoresha ubwoko bubiri bw’ibirimo n’ibikoresho byifashishijwe. Ikizamini cyo guteka gikoresheje ibirimo nyabyo gishobora kuba hafi cyane y’uko ibintu bisohoka kandi gishobora gukumira ko ipaki idahuye n’imiterere y’ibikoresho byo gupfunyika mu buryo bunyuranye. Ku nganda zikora ibikoresho byo gupfunyika, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupima ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho byo gupfunyika mu gihe cyo gukora no mbere yo kubibika. Kugerageza imikorere yo guteka ni ingirakamaro kandi birakora. Umwanditsi asobanura uburyo bwo gupima imikorere y’imifuka ipfunyika idahinduka binyuze mu kuyuzuzamo ibinyobwa biva mu nganda eshatu zitandukanye no gukora ibizamini byo guteka n’ibyo guteka. Ikizamini ni iki gikurikira:
1). Ikizamini cyo guteka
Ibikoresho: Inkono yo gutekeshamo ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, HST-H3 ipima ubushyuhe
Intambwe zo gupima: Shyira witonze aside asetiki 4% mu gafuka k'umukara kuri bibiri bya gatatu by'ingano. Witondere kwanduza agapfundikizo, kugira ngo bitagize ingaruka ku buryo gapfundikizo kadakora. Nyuma yo kuzuza, funga imifuka yo gutekeshamo HST-H3, hanyuma utegure ingero 12 zose. Mu gihe upfundikishije, umwuka uri mu gafuka ugomba kuba urimo kurangira uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo wirinde ko umwuka wiyongera mu gihe cyo guteka ugira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ibizamini.
Shyira icyitegererezo gifunze mu nkono yo gutekeshamo kugira ngo utangire ikizamini. Shyira ubushyuhe bwo guteka kuri 121°C, igihe cyo guteka kibe iminota 40, shyira icyitegererezo 6 mu mwuka ushyushye, hanyuma uteke icyitegererezo 6. Mu gihe cyo guteka, witondere cyane impinduka mu muvuduko w'umwuka n'ubushyuhe mu nkono yo gutekamo kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko biguma mu rugero rwagenwe.
Nyuma yo kurangiza ikizamini, gikonjeshe kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, gikuremo urebe niba hari imifuka yamenetse, iminkanyari, imiterere y'ibice, nibindi. Nyuma yo gukora ikizamini, ubuso bw'ibice bya 1# na 2# bwari bworoshye nyuma yo guteka kandi nta imiterere y'ibice bya 3# bwari bworoshye nyuma yo guteka, kandi impande zari zaragoranye ku rugero rutandukanye.
2). Kugereranya imiterere y'imitsi yo gukurura
Fata imifuka yo gupakira mbere na nyuma yo guteka, kata ingero 5 z'urukiramende za 15mm × 150mm mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru na 150mm mu cyerekezo cyo hejuru, hanyuma uzishyire mu mwanya wazo amasaha 4 mu kirere cya 23±2℃ na 50±10%RH. Imashini ipima ikoranabuhanga ya XLW (PC) yakoreshejwe mu gupima imbaraga zo gucika no kurekura igihe cyo gucika ku rugero rwa 200mm / min.
3). Ikizamini cyo gukata
Dukurikije uburyo A bwa GB 8808-1988 “Uburyo bwo Gupima Gukuramo Ibikoresho bya Plasitike Byoroshye”, kata icyitegererezo gifite ubugari bwa mm 15±0.1 n'uburebure bwa mm 150. Fata icyitegererezo 5 buri kimwe mu cyerekezo kitambitse n'igihagaze. Kata mbere urwego rw'ibice byakozwe ku cyerekezo cy'uburebure bw'icyitegererezo, ugishyire mu mashini ipima ikoranabuhanga ya XLW (PC), hanyuma ugerageze imbaraga zo gukuramo ku muvuduko wa mm 300/min.
4). Ikizamini cy'imbaraga zo gufunga ubushyuhe
Dukurikije GB/T 2358-1998 “Uburyo bwo Gupima Ubushyuhe bw’Amashashi yo Gupakira Filimi ya Plastiki”, kata icyitegererezo cya mm 15 z’ubugari ku gice cyo gufunga ubushyuhe cy’icyitegererezo, ukifungure kuri dogere 180, hanyuma uhambire impera zombi z’icyitegererezo kuri XLW (PC) intelligent. Ku mashini ipima ikoranabuhanga, umutwaro ntarengwa ugeragezwa ku muvuduko wa mm 300/min, kandi igipimo cyo kugabanuka kibarwa hakoreshejwe formula ya dielectric irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi muri GB/T 10004-2008.
Incamake
Ibiryo bipfunyitse bidashobora kwangirika birushaho gukundwa n'abaguzi kubera uburyo byoroshye kubirya no kubibika. Kugira ngo ibiryo bikomeze kuba byiza kandi birinde kwangirika, intambwe yose yo gukora imifuka ishyushye cyane igomba gukurikiranwa neza kandi ikagenzurwa neza.
1. Amasashe yo gutekesha adashobora gushyuha cyane agomba gukorwa mu bikoresho bikwiye hashingiwe ku bikubiye mu masashe yo gutekesha n'uburyo akorwamo. Urugero, CPP muri rusange itoranywa nk'urwego rwo gufunga imbere mu masashe yo gutekesha adashobora gushyuha cyane; iyo amasashe yo gupfunyika arimo ibice bya AL akoreshejwe mu gupfunyika ibikubiye muri aside na alkali, urwego rwa PA rukwiye kongerwamo hagati ya AL na CPP kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo guhangana na aside na alkali; buri cyiciro cy’ibikubiye mu masashe yo gutekesha Ubushyuhe bugomba kuba bungana cyangwa busa kugira ngo budahindagurika cyangwa ngo bugabanuke nyuma yo guteka bitewe n’uko ubushyuhe budakwirakwira neza.
2. Kugenzura neza uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu. Imifuka irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi ikoresha uburyo bwumye bwo guhuza ibintu. Mu gukora firime yo guhuza ibintu, ni ngombwa guhitamo kole ikwiye n'uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibintu, no kugenzura neza uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu kugira ngo hamenyekane ko kole n'ibikoresho bigabanya ibintu bikora neza.
3. Kurwanya ubushyuhe buri hagati ni cyo gikorwa gikomeye cyane mu gupakira amasashe yo mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Kugira ngo bigabanye ibibazo by’ubwiza bw’amasashe yo mu bushyuhe bwinshi, amasashe yo mu bushyuhe bwinshi agomba gupimwa no gusuzumwa hashingiwe ku miterere nyayo y’umusaruro mbere yo kuyakoresha no mu gihe cyo kuyatunganya. Reba niba isura y’ipaki nyuma yo guteka ari ndende, ifite iminkanyari, ifite ibisebe, ifite imiterere mibi, niba hari icyuho cyangwa amazi yavuye, niba umuvuduko w’igabanuka ry’imiterere y’umubiri (imiterere yo gukurura, imbaraga z’igishishwa, imbaraga zo kuziba ubushyuhe) byujuje ibisabwa, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 18-2024
