Filime zitandukanye zikunze gukoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ni ibihe bikoresho izi filime zikozwemo? Ni ibihe biranga imikorere ya buri imwe? Ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro irambuye ya filime za pulasitiki zikunze gukoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi:
Filimi ya pulasitiki ni firimi ikozwe muri polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene n'izindi resins, ikunze gukoreshwa mu gupakira, kubaka, no nk'urwego rwo gusigaho irangi, nibindi.
Filimi ya pulasitiki ishobora kugabanywamo ibice
–Filime y’inganda: filime ikozwe mu buryo bwa "blowed film", filime ya "calendered film", filime ya "stretched film", filime y’abakinnyi, nibindi;
– Urugendo rw'ubuhinzi, urugendo rw'ifu, n'ibindi;
–Filime zo gupfunyika (harimo filime zivanze zo gupfunyika imiti, filime zivanze zo gupfunyika ibiryo, nibindi).
Ibyiza n'ibibi bya filime ya pulasitiki:
Ibiranga imikorere ya filime nkuru za pulasitiki:
Filimi ya Polypropylene ifite imiterere ibiri (BOPP)
Polypropylene ni resin ya thermoplastic ikorwa na polymerization ya propylene. Ibikoresho bya Copolymer PP bifite ubushyuhe buke bwo guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe (100°C), ubwisanzure buke, ubw'urumuri buke, kandi ubw'ubukonje buke, ariko bifite imbaraga zikomeye zo guhindagurika, kandi imbaraga zo guhindagurika kwa PP ziyongera uko ingano ya ethylene yiyongera. Ubushyuhe bwa Vicat bworoshya PP ni 150°C. Bitewe n'ubunini bwa crystallinity, iki gikoresho gifite ubukana bwiza cyane bwo kugaragara no kwihanganira gushwara. PP ntabwo igira ibibazo byo gucika kw'ibice bikikije.
Filimi ya polypropylene ishingiye ku murongo wa kabiri (BOPP) ni ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo bibonerana kandi byoroshye byakozwe mu myaka ya 1960. Ikoresha umurongo wihariye w’umusaruro kugira ngo ivange ibikoresho fatizo bya polypropylene n’ibindi bikoresho fatizo, ikabishongesha hanyuma ikabivangamo impapuro, hanyuma ikabikuramo ibice. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gupfunyika ibiryo, bombo, itabi, icyayi, umutobe, amata, imyenda, nibindi, kandi ifite izina rya "Packaging Queen". Byongeye kandi, ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gutegura ibikoresho fatizo bifite agaciro kanini nk'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho bito, bityo amahirwe yo gutera imbere kwa filimi za BOPP ni manini cyane.
Filimi ya BOPP ntabwo ifite gusa ibyiza byo kuba ifite ubucucike buke, irwanya ingese neza kandi irwanya ubushyuhe bwa resin ya PP, ahubwo inafite imiterere myiza y'urumuri, imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike n'isoko ryinshi ry'ibikoresho fatizo. Filimi ya BOPP ishobora guhuzwa n'ibindi bikoresho bifite imiterere yihariye kugira ngo irusheho kunoza cyangwa kunoza imikorere. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa birimo filime ya PE, filime ya polypropylene (CPP) ikora amacandwe, polivinilidene chloride (PVDC), filime ya aluminiyumu, nibindi.
Filimi ya Polyethylene ifite ubucucike buke (LDPE)
Filimi ya polyethylene, ari yo PE, ifite imiterere yo kudapfa gushyuha no kudapfa gushyuha cyane.
Polyethylene yo mu rwego rwo hasi (LPDE) ni resin y’ubukorikori iboneka binyuze muri polymerization ya ethylene radical mu gihe cy’umuvuduko mwinshi, bityo yitwa kandi "polyethylene yo mu rwego rwo hejuru". LPDE ni molekile ifite amashami afite uburebure butandukanye ku munyururu mukuru, ifite amashami agera kuri 15 kugeza kuri 30 ya ethyl, butyl cyangwa amashami maremare kuri atome 1000 za karuboni mu munyururu mukuru. Kubera ko umunyururu wa molekile urimo iminyururu miremire n’imigufi, umusaruro ufite ubucucike buke, ubworoshye, ubushyuhe buke, ubukonje buke, ubushyuhe buke, ubukonje buke, ubushyuhe buke, ubukonje buke, ubushyuhe buke muri rusange (usibye aside ikomeye igabanya ogisijeni), Alkali, kwangirika k’umunyu, ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukingira amashanyarazi. Irabagirana kandi irabagirana, ifite ubukonje buke, iramira ubushyuhe, iramira amazi n’ubushuhe, iramira gukonja, kandi ishobora gutekwa. Ingorane yayo nyamukuru ni imbogamizi nke kuri ogisijeni.
Ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ifiriti y'imbere y'ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo ibintu bivanze, kandi niyo firiti ya pulasitiki ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe, ikaba ibarirwa muri 40% by'ikoreshwa rya firiti za pulasitiki. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa firiti za poliyetini, kandi imikorere yazo nayo iratandukanye. Imikorere ya firiti imwe ni imwe, kandi imikorere ya firiti ivanze ni ubwuzuzanye. Ni yo mashini nyamukuru yo gupfunyikamo ibiryo. Icya kabiri, firiti ya poliyetini nayo ikoreshwa mu bijyanye n'ubwubatsi bw'ibyatsi, nka geomembrane. Ikora nk'irinda amazi mu by'ubwubatsi bw'ibyatsi kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwinjira. Filiti y'ubuhinzi ikoreshwa mu buhinzi, ishobora kugabanywamo firiti ya shed, firiti ya mulch, firiti ishyushye yo gupfuka, firiti yo kubikamo icyatsi n'ibindi.
Filimi ya polyester (PET)
Filimi ya polyester (PET), izwi cyane nka polyethylene terephthalate, ni pulasitiki ikoze mu buhanga bwa thermoplastic. Ni firime ikozwe mu mpapuro nini cyane binyuze mu gusohora hanyuma ikagenda ikura. Filimi ya polyester irangwa n'imiterere myiza ya mashini, gukomera cyane, gukomera no gukomera, kudapfumuka, kudacika intege, kudashyuha cyane no kudashyuha cyane, kudakoresha imiti, kudakoresha amavuta, kudapfuka umwuka no kugumana impumuro nziza. Ni imwe mu mashini zihoraho zikora firime, ariko kudakoresha corona si byiza.
Igiciro cya firime ya polyester kiri hejuru ugereranyije, kandi ubugari bwayo muri rusange ni mm 0.12. Ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo hanze byo gupfunyika ibiryo, kandi ishobora gucapwa neza. Byongeye kandi, firime ya polyester ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gucapa no gupfunyika nka firime yo kurengera ibidukikije, firime ya PET, na firime y'umweru isa n'amata, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka pulasitiki ikoreshwa mu byuma by'ibirahure, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, icapiro, n'ubuvuzi n'ubuzima.
Filimi ya pulasitiki ya nayiloni (ONY)
Izina ry'ubutabire rya nylon ni polyamide (PA). Kuri ubu, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa nylon bukorerwa mu nganda, kandi ubwoko bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa mu gukora filime ni nylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 66, nibindi. Filimi ya nylon ni filime ikomeye cyane ifite ubwisanzure bwiza, irabagirana neza, ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura no gukurura, kandi irwanya ubushyuhe, irwanya ubukonje, irwanya amavuta kandi irwanya organic solvent. Irwanya kwangirika no gutobora neza, yoroshye cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubuza ogisijeni, ariko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kubuza amazi guhumeka, ifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kwinjiza amazi n'ubushuhe, ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gupfunyika ibintu bikomeye, nk'ibiryo by'imibonano mpuzabitsina bifite amavuta menshi, inyama, ibiryo bikaranze, ibiryo bifunze mu cyuma gishyushye, ibiryo bishyushye, nibindi.
Filimi ya Polypropylene (CPP)
Bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo gukora filime ya polypropylene ishingiye ku murongo wa kabiri (BOPP), filime ya polypropylene ishingiye ku gishushanyo (CPP) ni filime idakura, idahindagurika ikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushonga no kuzimya. Irangwa no kwihuta mu gukora, umusaruro mwinshi, ubwiza bwa filime, ubugari bungana, n'uburinganire bwiza bw'imiterere itandukanye. Kubera ko ari filime irambuye, imirimo yo gukurikirana nko gucapa no guhuza iraryoshye cyane. CPP ikoreshwa cyane mu gupfunyika imyenda, indabyo, ibiryo, n'ibikenerwa buri munsi.
Filimi ya pulasitiki ipfutse muri aluminiyumu
Filimi ya aluminiyumu ifite imiterere ya pulasitiki ndetse n'imiterere y'icyuma. Akamaro ko gutwikira aluminium hejuru y'ifirimi ni ugukingira urumuri no gukumira imirasire ya ultraviolet, ibyo bigatuma igihe cyo kubika kirimo kidashira gusa, ahubwo binatuma firime irushaho kuba nziza. Kubwibyo, filimi ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane mu gupfunyika, ahanini ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibiryo byumye n'ibipfunyika nka biscuits, ndetse no mu gupfunyika hanze kw'imiti imwe n'imwe n'amavuta yo kwisiga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Nyakanga-2023
