Mafirimu akasiyana-siyana anowanzo shandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mafirimu aya anogadzirwa nezvinhu zvipi? Ndezvipi zvinoitwa neumwe neumwe? Zvinotevera inyaya yakadzama yemafirimu epurasitiki anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva:
Firimu repurasitiki ifirimu rakagadzirwa nepolyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene nedzimwe resin, dzinowanzoshandiswa pakurongedza, kuvaka, uye sechikamu chekuputira, nezvimwewo.
Firimu repurasitiki rinogona kukamurwa kuita
–Firimu remaindasitiri: firimu rakaputika, firimu rakarongwa, firimu rakatambanudzwa, firimu revatambi, nezvimwewo;
– Firimu rekurima, firimu remulch, nezvimwewo;
–Mafirimu ekurongedza (kusanganisira mafirimu ekugadzira mishonga, mafirimu ekugadzira chikafu, nezvimwewo).
Zvakanakira nezvakaipa zvepurasitiki firimu:
Hunhu hwekushanda kwemafirimu makuru epurasitiki:
Firimu rePolypropylene Rinonamirwa Nepakati Peaxial (BOPP)
Polypropylene ipurasitiki inogadzirwa ne polymerization ye propylene. Zvinhu zve Copolymer PP zvine tembiricha yakaderera yekukanganisa kupisa (100°C), kujeka kwakaderera, kupenya kwakaderera, uye kuomarara kwakaderera, asi zvine simba rakasimba rekukanganisa, uye simba rekukanganisa rePP rinowedzera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe ethylene. Tembiricha yekunyorovesa yeVicat yePP i150°C. Nekuda kwehukuru hwekristaro, chinhu ichi chine kuomarara kwepamusoro uye hunhu hwekudzivirira kukwenya. PP haina matambudziko ekupwanya kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza.
Firimu repolypropylene rinotaridzika zvakanaka (BOPP) ipurasitiki inopenya uye inochinjika yakagadzirwa muma1960. Inoshandisa mutsetse wekugadzira wakakosha kusanganisa zvinhu zvepolypropylene nezvinhu zvinoshanda, kunyungudutsa nekukanya kuita mapepa, uye wozozvitambanudza kuita mafirimu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurongedza chikafu, masiwiti, fodya, tii, muto, mukaka, machira, nezvimwewo, uye ine mukurumbira wekuti "Packaging Queen". Pamusoro pezvo, inogona zvakare kushandiswa pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinoshanda zvine kukosha kwakanyanya zvakaita semagetsi uye microporous membranes, saka mikana yekuvandudza mafirimu eBOPP yakakura kwazvo.
Firimu reBOPP haringori nezvakanaka zvekushaya simba rakawanda, kuramba ngura zvakanaka uye kuramba kupisa kwePP resin, asiwo rine hunhu hwakanaka hwemaziso, simba remakanika rakawanda uye manyuko akapfuma ezvishandiso. Firimu reBOPP rinogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvine hunhu hwakakosha kuti riwedzere kuvandudza kana kuvandudza mashandiro aro. Zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira firimu rePE, firimu repolypropylene (CPP) rinonyungudika, firimu repolyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), firimu realuminium, nezvimwewo.
Firimu rePolyethylene Rakaderera (LDPE)
Firimu repolyethylene, kureva PE, rine hunhu hwekudzivirira hunyoro uye hunyoro hushoma.
Polyethylene yakaderera (LPDE) ipurasitiki yakagadzirwa inowanikwa ne ethylene radical polymerization pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, saka inonziwo "high-pressure polyethylene". LPDE imorekuru ine matavi ane hurefu hwakasiyana pacheni huru, ine matavi angangoita 15 kusvika 30 ethyl, butyl kana akareba paatomu 1000 ekabhoni mucheni huru. Nekuti cheni yemamorekuru ine matavi akawanda marefu nemapfupi, chigadzirwa chacho chine huremu hushoma, hunyoro, hunodzivirira kupisa kwakaderera, hunodzivirira kukanganiswa kwakanaka, hunodzivirira makemikari zvakanaka, uye hunodzivirira acid (kunze kweasidhi yakasimba ye oxidizing), Alkali, ngura yemunyu, ine hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira magetsi. Inopenya uye inopenya, ine huremu hwakanaka hwemakemikari, hunodzivirira kupisa, hunodzivirira mvura uye hunyoro, hunodzivirira kutonhora, uye inogona kubikwa. Dambudziko rayo guru nderekuti haina kudzivirira oxygen.
Inowanzo shandiswa sefirimu remukati rezvinhu zvinochinjika zvemapurasitiki, uye ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pari zvino, ichiverengera anopfuura 40% yekushandiswa kwemafirimu epurasitiki. Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemafirimu epurasitiki, uye mashandiro awo akasiyanawo. Mashandiro efirimu remafirimu rimwe chete, uye mashandiro efirimu remafirimu akabatanidzwa anowedzera. Ndiyo chinhu chikuru chekurongedza chikafu. Chechipiri, firimu repolyethylene rinoshandiswawo mumunda weinjiniya yezvemagariro, senge geomembrane. Inoshanda seyakadzivirira mvura muinjiniya yezvemagariro uye ine mukana wakaderera. Firimu rezvekurima rinoshandiswa mukurima, iro rinogona kukamurwa kuita shed film, mulch film, bitter cover film, green storage film nezvimwewo.
Firimu rePolyester (PET)
Firimu rePolyester (PET), rinozivikanwa sepolyethylene terephthalate, ipurasitiki yeinjiniya yethermoplastic. Ifirimu rakagadzirwa nemachira akakora nekubvisa jira uye robva ratambanudzwa nepakati pemaaxial. Firimu rePolyester rinoratidzwa nehunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuomarara uye kusimba, kuramba kuboorwa, kuramba kukweshana, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya uye kupisa kwakaderera, kuramba makemikari, kuramba mafuta, kusimba kwemhepo uye kuchengetedza hwema. Imwe yezvikamu zvemafirimu zvinogara zviripo, asi kuramba korona hakuna kunaka.
Mutengo wefirimu repolyester wakakwira zvakanyanya, uye ukobvu hwaro hunowanzova 0.12 mm. Rinowanzo shandiswa sechigadzirwa chekunze chekurongedza chikafu, uye rinogona kudhindwa zvakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, firimu repolyester rinowanzo shandiswa sekudhinda nekurongedza zvinhu zvinoshandiswa senge firimu rekuchengetedza nharaunda, firimu rePET, uye firimu jena rakaita semukaka, uye rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sepurasitiki yakasimbiswa nefiber yegirazi, zvinhu zvekuvaka, kudhinda, uye mishonga nehutano.
Firimu repurasitiki reNylon (ONY)
Zita remakemikari renylon ndipolyamide (PA). Parizvino, kune mhando dzakawanda dzenylon dzinogadzirwa mumaindasitiri, uye mhando huru dzinoshandiswa kugadzira mafirimu ndinylon 6, nylon 12, nylon 66, nezvimwewo. Firimu renylon ifirimu rakaoma kwazvo rine kujeka kwakanaka, kupenya kwakanaka, simba guru rekudhonza uye simba rekudhonza, uye rinodzivirira kupisa zvakanaka, rinodzivirira kutonhora, rinodzivirira mafuta uye rinodzivirira organic solvent. Rinodzivirira kupfeka zvakanaka uye rinodzivisa kuboorwa, rakapfava, rakanaka kwazvo rekudzivirira okisijeni, asi harina simba guru rekudzivisa utsi hwemvura, rinopinza hunyoro hwakawanda uye rinopinda hunyoro, harina simba guru rekuchengetera kupisa, rakakodzera kurongedza zvinhu zvakaoma, zvakaita sechikafu chepabonde chine mafuta, zvigadzirwa zvenyama, chikafu chakakangwa, chikafu chakazara ne vacuum, chikafu chakabikwa ne steamed, nezvimwewo.
Firimu rePolypropylene rakaumbwa (CPP)
Kusiyana nemaitiro efirimu repolypropylene (BOPP) rinotaridzika zvakanaka, firimu repolypropylene rinogadzirwa nesimbi (CPP) ifirimu rekuwedzera risina kutatamuka, rinogadzirwa nesimbi inonyunguduka uye inodzima. Rinoonekwa nekukasira kugadzirwa, kubuda kwakawanda, kujeka kwakanaka kwefirimu, kupenya, kufanana kweukobvu, uye kuenzana kwakanaka kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Nekuti ifirimu rakatambanudzwa, basa rekutevera rakadai sekudhinda nekubatanidza zvinhu zviri nyore kwazvo. CPP inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurongedza machira, maruva, chikafu, uye zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva.
Firimu repurasitiki rakaputirwa nearuminiyamu
Firimu rakarungwa rine hunhu hwepurasitiki uye hunhu hwesimbi. Basa rekuputira aruminiyamu pamusoro pefirimu nderekudzivirira chiedza nekudzivirira mwaranzi ye ultraviolet, iyo isingangorerutsi hupenyu hwezviri mukati chete, asiwo inovandudza kupenya kwefirimu. Saka, firimu rakarungwa rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubatanidza chikafu, rinonyanya kushandiswa mukuisa chikafu chakaoma uye chakaputirwa senge mabhisikiti, pamwe nekuisa kunze kwemishonga nezvizoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-19-2023
