Ifilimu edityanisiweyo yeplastiki sisixhobo sokupakisha esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni okungajikiyo. Ukubulala iintsholongwane ekutshiseni nasekutshiseni yinkqubo ebalulekileyo yokupakisha ukutya okujikiyo okushushu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, iipropati zomzimba zeefilimu ezidityanisiweyo zeplastiki zisengozini yokubola emva kokufudunyezwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto zokupakisha zingafaneleki. Eli nqaku lihlalutya iingxaki eziqhelekileyo emva kokupheka kweengxowa ezijikiyo ezishushu kakhulu, kwaye lazisa iindlela zazo zokuvavanya ukusebenza komzimba, ngethemba lokuba ziya kuba nentsingiselo ekhokelayo kwimveliso yokwenyani.
Iipakethe zokupakisha ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu luhlobo lokupakisha olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwinyama, iimveliso zesoya kunye nezinye iimveliso zokutya okulungiselelwe ukutya. Ngokuqhelekileyo zipakishwa nge-vacuum kwaye zingagcinwa kubushushu begumbi emva kokuba zifudunyezwe kwaye zicocwe kubushushu obuphezulu (100 ~ 135°C). Ukutya okupakishwe ngendlela emelana nobushushu kulula ukukuthwala, kulungele ukutyiwa emva kokuvula ibhegi, kucocekile kwaye kulula, kwaye kunokugcina incasa yokutya, ngoko ke kuyathandwa kakhulu ngabathengi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezinto zokupakisha, ixesha lokugcinwa kweemveliso zokupakisha ezimelana nobunzima liqala kwisiqingatha sonyaka ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.
Inkqubo yokupakisha ukutya okuphendukileyo kukwenza iingxowa, ukufaka ingxowa, ukucoca nge-vacuum, ukuvala ubushushu, ukuhlola, ukupheka kunye nokucoca ngokufudumeza, ukomisa kunye nokupholisa, kunye nokupakisha. Ukupheka kunye nokucoca ngokufudumeza yeyona nkqubo iphambili kuyo yonke inkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, xa iingxowa zokupakisha ezenziwe ngezinto zepolymer - iiplastiki, intshukumo yetsheyini yemolekyuli iyaqina emva kokuba ifudunyeziwe, kwaye iimpawu zomzimba zezinto zinobuthathaka kubushushu. Eli nqaku lihlalutya iingxaki eziqhelekileyo emva kokupheka kweengxowa zokucoca ezishushu kakhulu, kwaye lazisa iindlela zazo zokuvavanya ukusebenza komzimba.
1. Uhlalutyo lweengxaki eziqhelekileyo ngeengxowa zokupakisha ezingavumiyo ukuphikiswa
Ukutya okushushu kakhulu kuyapakishwa kuze kufudunyezwe kwaye kucocwe kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha. Ukuze kufezekiswe iipropati eziphezulu zomzimba kunye neepropati ezilungileyo zokuthintela, ukupakishwa okumelana nokushushu kwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ezisisiseko. Izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-PA, i-PET, i-AL kunye ne-CPP. Izakhiwo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zineeleya ezimbini zeefilimu ezidityanisiweyo, kunye nemizekelo elandelayo (i-BOPA/CPP, i-PET/CPP), ifilimu edityanisiweyo enamaleya amathathu (njenge-PA/AL/CPP, i-PET/PA/CPP) kunye nefilimu edityanisiweyo enamaleya amane (njenge-PET/PA/AL/CPP). Kwimveliso yokwenyani, iingxaki zomgangatho eziqhelekileyo yimibimbi, iingxowa eziphukileyo, ukuvuza komoya kunye nevumba emva kokupheka:
1). Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zokushwabana kwiingxowa zokupakisha: imibimbi ethe tye okanye ethe nkqo okanye engangqalanga kwizinto ezisisiseko zokupakisha; imibimbi kunye nemingxunya kwileya nganye edityanisiweyo kunye nokungagugi kakuhle; ukushwabana kwezinto ezisisiseko zokupakisha, kunye nokushwabana komaleya odityanisiweyo kunye nezinye iileya ezidityanisiweyo. Iingxowa ezaphukileyo zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini: ukuqhambuka ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokushwabana kwaye emva koko ziqhambuke.
2). Ukwahlulahlula kubhekisa kwinto yokuba iileya ezidityanisiweyo zezinto zokupakisha zahlulwe omnye komnye. Ukwahlulahlula okuncinci kubonakaliswa njengeemivimbo ezifana nemigca kwiindawo ezixineneyo zokupakisha, kwaye amandla okuxobuka ayancipha, kwaye anokukrazulwa kancinci ngesandla. Kwiimeko ezinzima, umaleko odityanisiweyo wokupakisha wahlulwe kwindawo enkulu emva kokupheka. Ukuba kwenzeka ukwahlulahlula, ukuqina okudibeneyo kweempawu zomzimba phakathi kweeleya ezidityanisiweyo zezinto zokupakisha kuya kunyamalala, kwaye iimpawu zomzimba kunye neempawu zomqobo ziya kwehla kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zobomi beshelufu, okuhlala kubangela ilahleko enkulu kwishishini.
3). Ukuvuza komoya okuncinci ngokuqhelekileyo kunexesha elide lokufunxa kwaye akulula ukukubona ngexesha lokupheka. Ngexesha lokujikeleza nokugcina imveliso, inqanaba lokuphuma kwemveliso liyancipha kwaye umoya ocacileyo uvela kwiphakheji. Ke ngoko, le ngxaki yomgangatho idla ngokubandakanya inani elikhulu leemveliso. Iimveliso zinempembelelo enkulu. Ukwenzeka kokuvuza komoya kunxulumene kakhulu nokutywinwa kobushushu okubuthathaka kunye nokumelana nokubhoboza okungalunganga kwengxowa yokuzibamba.
4). Ivumba elibi emva kokupheka nalo liyingxaki eqhelekileyo yomgangatho. Ivumba elingaqhelekanga elivela emva kokupheka linxulumene neentsalela ezininzi ze-solvent kwizixhobo zokupakisha okanye ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingafanelekanga. Ukuba ifilimu ye-PE isetyenziswa njengomaleko wangaphakathi wokutywina weengxowa zokupheka ezinobushushu obuphezulu ngaphezulu kwe-120°, ifilimu ye-PE ithambekele ekubeni nevumba xa kushushu kakhulu. Ke ngoko, i-RCPP ikhethwa ngokubanzi njengomaleko wangaphakathi weengxowa zokupheka ezinobushushu obuphezulu.
2. Iindlela zokuvavanya iipropati zomzimba zokupakisha okumelana nokurhawuzelelwa
Izinto ezikhokelela kwiingxaki zomgangatho wokupakisha okumelana nokurhawuzelelwa ziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye zibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi ezifana nezinto eziluhlaza ezidityanisiweyo, izincamathelisi, ii-inki, ulawulo lwenkqubo yokwenza izinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye neengxowa, kunye neenkqubo zokurhawuzelelwa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wokupakisha kunye nexesha lokutya elihlala lihleli, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uvavanyo lokumelana nokupheka kwizinto zokupakisha.
Umgangatho wesizwe osebenzayo kwiingxowa zokupakisha ezinganyangekiyo yi-GB/T10004-2008 “Ifilimu yePlastiki eDityanisiweyo yokuPakisha, iBag Dry Lamination, iExtrusion Lamination”, esekelwe kwi-JIS Z 1707-1997 “Imigaqo Jikelele yeeFilimu zePlastiki zokuPakisha ukutya” Eyenzelwe ukuthatha indawo ye-GB/T 10004-1998 “IiFilimu neeBags zeComposite eziNyangekiyo eziNgxamisekileyo” kunye ne-GB/T10005-1998 “IFilimu neeBags zePolypropylene eziMiselweyo kabini/uXinano oluphantsi lwePolyethylene”. I-GB/T 10004-2008 ibandakanya iipropati ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye nezikhombisi zentsalela yesolvent kwiifilimu neebhegi zokupakisha ezinganyangekiyo, kwaye ifuna ukuba iingxowa zokupakisha ezinganyangekiyo zivavanywe ukuze zibone ukuba azinyangeki na kwi-media enobushushu obuphezulu. Indlela kukugcwalisa iingxowa zokupakisha ezingashukumiyo nge-4% ye-acetic acid, i-1% ye-sodium sulfide, i-5% ye-sodium chloride kunye neoyile yemifuno, emva koko zikhuphe kwaye zivale, zifudumale kwaye zicinezele kwimbiza yokupheka enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-121°C imizuzu engama-40, kwaye zipholile ngelixa uxinzelelo lungatshintshi. Emva koko kuvavanywa inkangeleko yayo, amandla okuxinana, ukunwebeka, amandla okuxobuka kunye namandla okuvala ubushushu, kwaye kusetyenziswa izinga lokwehla ukuyivavanya. Le fomula ilandelayo:
R=（AB）/A×100
Kwifomyula, u-R lizinga lokuhla (%) kwezinto ezivavanyiweyo, u-A lixabiso eliphakathi lezinto ezivavanyiweyo ngaphambi kovavanyo oluphakathi olumelana nobushushu obuphezulu; u-B lixabiso eliphakathi lezinto ezivavanyiweyo emva kovavanyo oluphakathi olumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Iimfuneko zokusebenza zezi: “Emva kovavanyo lokumelana nombane olumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, iimveliso ezinobushushu obuphezulu obungama-80°C okanye ngaphezulu akufuneki zibe ne-delaniation, umonakalo, ukuguquka okucacileyo ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwebhegi, kunye nokwehla kwamandla okuxobuka, amandla okutsala, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuphuka, kunye namandla okuvala ubushushu. Isantya kufuneka sibe yi-≤30%”.
3. Uvavanyo lweempawu ezibonakalayo zeengxowa zokupakisha ezingaguqukiyo
Uvavanyo lokwenyani kumatshini lunokubona ngokwenene ukusebenza ngokubanzi kokupakisha okumelana nokurhawuzelelwa. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ayithathi xesha nje kuphela, kodwa ikwathintelwa sisicwangciso semveliso kunye nenani lovavanyo. Isebenza kakubi, inkunkuma enkulu, kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Ngovavanyo lokurhawuzelelwa ukubona iimpawu zomzimba ezifana neempawu zokuxinana, amandla okukrazula, amandla okuvala ubushushu ngaphambi nasemva kokuphendula, umgangatho wokuxhathisa ukurhawuzelelwa kwengxowa yokurhawuzelelwa unokugwetywa ngokupheleleyo. Uvavanyo lokupheka ngokubanzi lusebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini zomxholo wokwenyani kunye nezixhobo ezilinganisiweyo. Uvavanyo lokupheka olusebenzisa umxholo wokwenyani lunokusondela kangangoko kwimeko yokwenyani yemveliso kwaye lunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukupakishwa okungafanelekiyo ukuba kungene kumgca wemveliso ngamaqhekeza. Kwiifektri zezinto zokupakisha, ii-simulants zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kwezinto zokupakisha ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso nangaphambi kokugcinwa. Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kokupheka kuyasebenza ngakumbi kwaye kuyasebenza. Umbhali wazisa indlela yokuvavanya ukusebenza ngokomzimba kweengxowa zokupakisha ezimelana nokurhawuzelelwa ngokuzizalisa ngolwelo lokulinganisa ukutya oluvela kubavelisi abathathu abahlukeneyo kunye nokwenza uvavanyo lokufutha nokubilisa ngokwahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yovavanyo yile ilandelayo:
1). Uvavanyo lokupheka
Izixhobo: Imbiza yokupheka ekhuselekileyo nekrelekrele enobushushu obuphezulu, isivavanyeli sobushushu se-HST-H3
Amanyathelo ovavanyo: Faka ngononophelo i-4% ye-acetic acid kwibhegi yokujika ukuya kwisibini kwisithathu somthamo. Lumka ungangcolisi isitywino, ukuze ungachaphazeli ukukhawuleza kokutywinwa. Emva kokuzalisa, vala iingxowa zokupheka nge-HST-H3, kwaye ulungiselele iisampulu ezili-12 zizonke. Xa utywina, umoya osebhegini kufuneka ucinywe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukwanda komoya ngexesha lokupheka ekuchaphazeleni iziphumo zovavanyo.
Beka isampuli evaliweyo embizeni yokupheka ukuze uqalise uvavanyo. Beka ubushushu bokupheka kwi-121°C, ixesha lokupheka libe yimizuzu engama-40, upheke iisampulu ezi-6, uze ubilise iisampulu ezi-6. Ngexesha lovavanyo lokupheka, qwalasela utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya kunye nobushushu embizeni yokupheka ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo zigcinwa ngaphakathi koluhlu olumiselweyo.
Emva kokuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe, lupholise ukuya kubushushu begumbi, lukhuphe uze ujonge ukuba kukho iingxowa eziphukileyo, imibimbi, ukuqhekeka, njl. Emva kovavanyo, umphezulu weesampulu ze-1# kunye ne-2# ubugudile emva kokupheka kwaye bekungekho kuqhekeka. Umphezulu wesampulu ye-3# ubugudile kakhulu emva kokupheka, kwaye imiphetho yayigobile ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
2). Uthelekiso lweempawu zokuxinana
Thatha iingxowa zokupakisha ngaphambi nasemva kokupheka, usike iisampulu ezi-5 eziziingxande ze-15mm×150mm kwicala elinqamlezileyo kunye ne-150mm kwicala elide, uze uzibeke kwindawo enobushushu obuyi-23±2℃ kunye ne-50±10%RH. Umatshini wokuvavanya ukuxinana kwe-elektroniki we-XLW (PC) okrelekrele wasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amandla okuqhawula kunye nobude xa kuqhekeka phantsi kwemeko ye-200mm/min.
3). Uvavanyo lokuxobula
Ngokwendlela A ye-GB 8808-1988 “Indlela yoVavanyo lokuKhuhla izinto zePlastiki eziThambileyo”, sika isampuli enobubanzi obuyi-15±0.1mm kunye nobude obuyi-150mm. Thatha iisampulu ezi-5 nganye kwicala elithe tye nelithe nkqo. Khuhla umaleko odibeneyo kwangaphambili kwicala lobude besampulu, uyifake kumatshini wovavanyo lwe-XLW (PC) olukrelekrele, kwaye uvavanye amandla okukhuhla kwi-300mm/min.
4). Uvavanyo lokuqina kobushushu
Ngokutsho kwe-GB/T 2358-1998 “Indlela yoVavanyo lwaMandla okuGcina ubushushu beeNgxowa zokuPakisha iiFilimu zePlastiki”, sika isampulu ebanzi eyi-15mm kwindawo yokuGcina ubushushu yesampulu, uyivule kwi-180°, uze ubambe zombini iziphelo zesampulu kwi-XLW (PC) intelligent Kumatshini wokuvavanya ukuxinana nge-elektroniki, umthwalo ophezulu uvavanywa ngesantya se-300mm/min, kwaye izinga lokuwa libalwa kusetyenziswa ifomula ye-dielectric yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwi-GB/T 10004-2008.
Shwankathela
Ukutya okupakishwe ngendlela enganyangekiyo kudla ngokuthandwa kakhulu ngabathengi ngenxa yokuba kulula ukukutya nokuyigcina. Ukuze kugcinwe umgangatho wokuqukethwe kwaye kuthintelwe ukuba ukutya kungaboli, inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo yokuvelisa iingxowa ezishushu kakhulu kufuneka libekwe esweni ngokungqongqo kwaye lilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.
1. Iingxowa zokupheka ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kumxholo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa. Umzekelo, i-CPP ikhethwa ngokubanzi njengomaleko wangaphakathi wokutywina weengxowa zokupheka ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu; xa iingxowa zokupakisha ezineeleya ze-AL zisetyenziselwa ukupakisha umxholo we-asidi kunye ne-alkaline, umaleko we-PA odibeneyo kufuneka wongezwe phakathi kwe-AL kunye ne-CPP ukwandisa ukumelana ne-asidi kunye nokuvuleka kwe-alkali; umaleko ngamnye odibeneyo Ukuncitshiswa kobushushu kufuneka kuhambelane okanye kufane ukuze kuthintelwe ukugoba okanye ukuqhekeka kwezinto emva kokupheka ngenxa yokungalingani kakuhle kweempawu zokuncipha kobushushu.
2. Lawula ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yokudibanisa. Iingxowa zokujika ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu zisebenzisa indlela yokomisa eyomileyo. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ifilimu yokujika, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iglu efanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokuncamathelisa elungileyo, kwaye ulawule ngokufanelekileyo iimeko zokujika ukuqinisekisa ukuba iarhente ephambili yeglu kunye nearhente yokujika zisabela ngokupheleleyo.
3. Ukumelana nobushushu obuphakathi yeyona nkqubo inzima kakhulu kwinkqubo yokupakisha iingxowa zokulungisa ezishushu kakhulu. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuvela kweengxaki zomgangatho webhetshi, iingxowa zokulungisa ezishushu kakhulu kufuneka zivavanywe kwaye zihlolwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwenyani zemveliso ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa nangexesha lokuvelisa. Jonga ukuba imbonakalo yephakheji emva kokupheka ithe tyaba, ishwabene, inamadyungudyungu, ikhubazekile, nokuba kukho ukuqhekeka okanye ukuvuza, nokuba izinga lokuncipha kweempawu zomzimba (iipropati zokuxinana, amandla okuxobuka, amandla okuvala ubushushu) ziyahlangabezana neemfuno, njl.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-18-2024
