Ko te kiriata hiato kirihou he rauemi takai e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā takai ātete-retort. He tukanga nui te retort me te whakahoromata wera mō te takai i ngā kai retort pāmahana teitei. Heoi, he ngāwari ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā kiriata hiato kirihou ki te pirau wera i muri i te wera, ka hua ake he rauemi takai kore tohu. Ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā raruraru noa i muri i te tunu o ngā putea retort pāmahana teitei, ā, ka whakaurua ngā tikanga whakamātautau mahi ā-tinana, me te tumanako ka whai tikanga nui mō te hanga tuturu.
Ko ngā pēke takai retort ātete-mahana teitei he momo takai e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te mīti, ngā hua soya me ētahi atu hua kai kua oti te whakarite. I te nuinga o te wā ka tākaihia ki roto i te korehau, ā, ka taea te penapena i te pāmahana rūma i muri i te whakamahana me te whakahoromata i te pāmahana teitei (100~135°C). He ngāwari te kawe i ngā kai kua tākaihia ātete-retort, kua rite ki te kai i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te pēke, he akuaku, he watea hoki, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te reka o te kai, nō reira he tino arohaina e ngā kaihoko. I runga i te tukanga whakahoromata me ngā rauemi takai, ko te roa o te oranga o ngā hua takai ātete-retort mai i te hawhe tau ki te rua tau.
Ko te tukanga tākai o te kai retort ko te hanga putea, te tākai, te whakakorekore, te hiri wera, te tirotiro, te tunu me te whakamahana i te whakahoromata, te whakamaroke me te whakamatao, me te tākai. Ko te tunu me te whakamahana i te whakahoromata te tukanga matua o te tukanga katoa. Heoi, ina hangaia ngā putea tākai ki ngā rauemi polymer - kirihou, ka kaha ake te nekehanga o te mekameka ngota i muri i te whakamahana, ā, ka ngawari te ngoikore o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te rauemi. Ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā raruraru noa i muri i te tunu o ngā putea retort pāmahana teitei, me te whakaatu i ā rātou tikanga whakamātautau mahi ā-tinana.
1. Te tātari i ngā raruraru noa o ngā putea takai ātete-whakautu
Ka tākaihia ngā kai retort pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka whakamahanahia, ka whakahoromatahia ngātahi me ngā rauemi tākai. Hei whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana teitei me ngā āhuatanga ārai pai, ka hangaia ngā tākai ātete-retort mai i ngā momo rauemi turanga. Ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te PA, PET, AL me te CPP. E rua ngā paparanga o ngā kiriata hiato o ngā hanganga e whakamahia whānuitia ana, me ēnei tauira (BOPA/CPP, PET/CPP), kiriata hiato paparanga-toru (pēnei i te PA/AL/CPP, PET/PA/CPP) me te kiriata hiato paparanga-whā (pēnei i te PET/PA/AL/CPP). I roto i te hanga tuturu, ko ngā raruraru kounga tino noa ko ngā kita, ngā putea pakaru, te turuturu o te hau me te haunga i muri i te tunu kai:
1). E toru ngā momo miro i roto i ngā putea takai: he miro whakapae, he miro poutū, he miro koretake rānei i runga i te rauemi turanga takai; he miro me he pakaru i runga i ia paparanga hiato me te kore papatahi; he mimiti o te rauemi turanga takai, me te mimiti o te paparanga hiato me ētahi atu paparanga hiato. Wehewehea, he rārangi. E rua ngā momo o ngā putea pakaru: he pahū tika, he miro, kātahi ka pahū.
2). Ko te wehewehenga e pā ana ki te āhuatanga e wehea ana ngā paparanga hiato o ngā rauemi takai tetahi i tetahi. Ka kitea he wehewehenga pakupaku hei pupuhi rite ki te rārangi i roto i ngā wāhanga taumaha o te takai, ā, ka heke te kaha o te tihorenga, ā, ka taea te haehae mārire ki te ringaringa. I ngā wā tino kino, ka wehea te paparanga hiato takai i roto i tētahi wāhi nui i muri i te tunu. Mena ka puta he wehewehenga, ka ngaro te kaha mahi tahi o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana i waenga i ngā paparanga hiato o te rauemi takai, ā, ka tino heke ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga ārai, ka kore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga roa o te wā e noho ana, ka nui ake te mate o te umanga.
3). He roa te wā whakatipu o te turuturu hau iti, ā, he uaua ki te kite i te wā tunu. I te wā e tohatohahia ana te hua me te wā rokiroki, ka heke te nui o te korehau o te hua, ā, ka kitea te hau i roto i te takai. Nō reira, he maha ngā hua e pāngia ana e tēnei raruraru kounga. He nui ake te pānga o ngā hua. Ko te putanga mai o te turuturu hau e pā tata ana ki te ngoikore o te hiri wera me te koretake o te ātete poka o te putea whakahoki.
4). He raruraru kounga noa anō hoki te haunga i muri i te tunu kai. Ko te haunga rerekē e puta mai ana i muri i te tunu kai e pā ana ki te nui rawa o ngā toenga whakarewa i roto i ngā rauemi takai, ki te kore rānei i whiriwhiria he rauemi. Mena ka whakamahia te kiriata PE hei paparanga hiri o roto o ngā putea tunu kai pāmahana teitei i runga ake i te 120°, ka haunga te kiriata PE i ngā pāmahana teitei. Nō reira, ko te RCPP te nuinga o te wā e whiriwhiria ana hei paparanga o roto o ngā putea tunu kai pāmahana teitei.
2. Ngā tikanga whakamātautau mō ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā takai ātete-whakautu
He uaua rawa ngā āhuatanga e arahi ana ki ngā raruraru kounga o ngā takai ātete-whakahoki, ā, he maha ngā āhuatanga e uru ana ki roto, pērā i ngā rauemi mata o te paparanga hiato, ngā piripiri, ngā waituhi, te whakahaere i te tukanga hanga hiato me te putea, me ngā tukanga whakahoki. Hei whakarite i te kounga o te takai me te roa o te oranga o te kai, me whakahaere he whakamātautau ātete tunu kai ki ngā rauemi takai.
Ko te paerewa ā-motu e pā ana ki ngā putea takai ātete-retort ko GB/T10004-2008 "Kiriata Hikoi Kirihou mō te Takai, te Whakakikorua Maroke o te Pēke, te Whakakikorua Extrusion", e hangai ana ki te JIS Z 1707-1997 "Ngā Mātāpono Whānui o ngā Kiriata Kirihou mō te Takai Kai" I hangaia hei whakakapi i te GB/T 10004-1998 "Ngā Kiriata me ngā Pēke Hikoi Ātete-retort" me te GB/T10005-1998 "Kiriata Polypropylene Ara-Biaxially/Ngā Kiriata me ngā Pēke Hikoi Polyethylene Kiato Iti". Kei roto i te GB/T 10004-2008 ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā tohu toenga whakarewa mō ngā kiriata me ngā putea takai ātete-retort, ā, e hiahiatia ana kia whakamatautauria ngā putea takai ātete-retort mō te ātete pāpāho pāmahana teitei. Ko te tikanga he whakakī i ngā putea takai ātete-whakahoki ki te 4% waikawa acetic, 1% konutai sulfide, 5% konutai chloride me te hinu huawhenua, kātahi ka tukuna ki waho ka hiritia, ka whakamahanahia ka pēhihia ki roto i te kohua tunu kai pēhanga teitei i te 121°C mō te 40 meneti, kātahi ka whakamatao i te mea kāore anō kia rerekē te pēhanga. Kātahi ka whakamatautauria tōna āhua, tōna kaha kume, tōna roa, tōna kaha tihore me tōna kaha hiri wera, ā, ka whakamahia te tere heke hei aromatawai. Ko te tātai e whai ake nei:
R=（AB）/A×100
I roto i te tātai, ko R te tere hekenga (%) o ngā tūemi i whakamatautauria, ko A te uara toharite o ngā tūemi i whakamatautauria i mua i te whakamātautau reo ātete pāmahana teitei; ko B te uara toharite o ngā tūemi i whakamatautauria i muri i te whakamātautau reo ātete pāmahana teitei. Ko ngā whakaritenga mahi koia ēnei: "Whai muri i te whakamātautau ātete pāmahana teitei, ko ngā hua he pāmahana ratonga 80°C, neke atu rānei, kaua he wehenga, he pakaru, he āhua rerekē i roto, i waho rānei o te putea, me te hekenga o te kaha tihore, te kaha kume, te taumahatanga ingoa i te whati, me te kaha hiri wera. Me ≤30% te tere".
3. Te whakamātautau i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o ngā putea takai ātete-whakautu
Mā te whakamātautau tūturu i runga i te mīhini ka tino kitea te mahi whānui o te takai ātete-retort. Heoi, ehara i te mea he roa noa te wā e pau ana i tēnei tikanga, engari he iti hoki nā te mahere whakaputa me te maha o ngā whakamātautau. He ngoikore te mahi, he nui te para, ā, he nui te utu. Mā te whakamātautau retort hei kite i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana pēnei i te āhuatanga kume, te kaha kiri, te kaha hiri wera i mua me muri i te retort, ka taea te aromatawai whānui i te kounga ātete retort o te putea retort. Ko ngā whakamātautau tunu kai e whakamahi ana i ngā momo ihirangi tūturu me ngā rauemi whakaata. Ko te whakamātautau tunu kai e whakamahi ana i ngā ihirangi tūturu ka taea te tata ki te āhuatanga whakaputa tūturu, ā, ka taea te ārai i te urunga o ngā takai kore tohu ki te raina whakaputa i roto i ngā puranga. Mō ngā wheketere rauemi takai, ka whakamahia ngā simulants hei whakamātautau i te ātete o ngā rauemi takai i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa me mua i te rokiroki. He pai ake te mahi me te whakahaere i te whakamātautau i te mahi tunu kai. Ka whakaurua e te kaituhi te tikanga whakamātautau mahi ā-tinana o ngā putea takai ātete-retort mā te whakakī i a rātou ki ngā wai whakaata kai mai i ngā kaihanga rerekē e toru me te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau korohū me te kohua. Ko te tukanga whakamātautau e whai ake nei:
1). Whakamātautau tunu kai
Ngā taputapu: He kohua tunu kai pāmahana teitei pēhanga-muri haumaru, atamai hoki, he whakamātautau hiri wera HST-H3
Ngā mahi whakamātautau: Tāpirihia marietia te waikawa acetic 4% ki roto i te putea retort kia rua hautoru o te rōrahi. Kia tūpato kei poke te hiri, kia kore ai e pā ki te pumau o te hiri. Whai muri i te whakakī, hiritia ngā putea tunu kai ki te HST-H3, ā, whakaritea kia 12 ngā tauira katoa. I te wā e hiritia ana, me whakaputa te hau i roto i te putea kia kore ai e pā ki ngā hua whakamātautau te whānui o te hau i te wā tunu kai.
Whakatakotoria te tauira kua hiritia ki roto i te kohua tunu kai hei tīmata i te whakamātautau. Whakatakotoria te pāmahana tunu ki te 121°C, te wā tunu ki te 40 meneti, kohuatia kia 6 ngā tauira, ka kohuatia kia 6 ngā tauira. I te wā e tunu ana, kia aro nui ki ngā panonitanga o te pēhanga hau me te pāmahana i roto i te kohua tunu kai kia mau tonu ai te pāmahana me te pēhanga i roto i te awhe kua whakaritea.
Kia oti te whakamātautau, whakamatao ki te pāmahana rūma, tangohia mai, ka tirohia mēnā he putea pakaru, he kita, he wehewehe, me ētahi atu. I muri i te whakamātautau, he maeneene ngā mata o ngā tauira 1# me 2# i muri i te tunu, ā, kāore he wehewehe. Kāore i tino maeneene te mata o te tauira 3# i muri i te tunu, ā, he rerekē te piko o ngā taha.
2). Te whakataurite i ngā āhuatanga kume
Tangohia ngā putea tākai i mua me muri i te tunu, tapahia kia 5 ngā tauira tapawhā rite, 15mm×150mm te whānui i te taha whakararo me te 150mm te whānui i te taha roa, ka whakamahana mō ngā hāora e 4 i roto i te taiao 23±2℃ me te 50±10%RH. I whakamahia te mīhini whakamātautau kume hiko atamai XLW (PC) hei whakamātautau i te kaha pakaru me te roa i te pakaru i raro i te āhuatanga o te 200mm/min.
3). Whakamātautau kiri
E ai ki te tikanga A o GB 8808-1988 "Tikanga Whakamātautau Tihore mō ngā Rauemi Kirihou Ngāwari", tapahia he tauira he 15±0.1mm te whānui me te 150mm te roa. Tangohia kia 5 ngā tauira i ia tauira i ngā ahunga whakapae me te poutū. Tihorea te paparanga tihore i mua i te ahunga roa o te tauira, utaina ki roto i te mīhini whakamātautau kume hiko atamai XLW (PC), ka whakamātautau i te kaha tihore i te 300mm/min.
4). Whakamātautau kaha hiri wera
E ai ki te GB/T 2358-1998 "Tikanga Whakamātautau mō te Kaha Hiri Wera o ngā Pēke Takai Kiriata Kirihou", tapahia he tauira 15mm te whānui ki te wāhanga hiri wera o te tauira, whakatuwheratia ki te 180°, ka whakapirihia ngā pito e rua o te tauira ki te atamai XLW (PC). I runga i te mīhini whakamātautau kume hiko, ka whakamatautauria te kawenga mōrahi i te tere o te 300mm/min, ā, ka tatauhia te tere maturuturu mā te whakamahi i te tātai ārai pāmahana teitei i roto i te GB/T 10004-2008.
Whakarāpopototia
Kei te piki haere te pai o ngā kaihoko ki ngā kai kua takaihia kia ātete ki te retort nā te mea he ngāwari ki te kai me te penapena. Hei pupuri i te kounga o ngā kai me te ārai i te pirau o te kai, me tino aroturukitia, me te whakahaere tika i ia taahiraa o te tukanga hanga putea retort pāmahana teitei.
1. Me hanga ngā pēke tunu kai ātete pāmahana teitei ki ngā rauemi e tika ana, i runga i te ihirangi me te tukanga whakaputa. Hei tauira, ko te CPP te mea e whiriwhiria whānuitia ana hei paparanga hiri o roto o ngā pēke tunu kai ātete pāmahana teitei; ina whakamahia ngā pēke takai kei roto ngā paparanga AL hei tākai i ngā ihirangi waikawa me te kawakore, me tāpiri he paparanga hiato PA i waenganui i te AL me te CPP hei whakanui ake i te ātete ki te urunga waikawa me te kawakore; me rite tonu, me rite rānei te kaha whakaiti wera o ia paparanga hiato kia kore ai e piko, e wehe rānei te rauemi i muri i te tunu kai nā te kore e ōrite ngā āhuatanga whakaiti wera.
2. Whakahaerehia te tukanga whakakotahitanga kia tika. Ko te tikanga whakakotahitanga maroke te nuinga o ngā putea retort ātete pāmahana teitei. I roto i te tukanga whakaputa kiriata retort, me whiriwhiri te piripiri tika me te tukanga whakapiri pai, me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga whakamaroke kia tino tauhohe te matū matua o te piripiri me te matū whakamaroke.
3. Ko te ātete pāmahana-teitei te tukanga tino kino i roto i te tukanga tākai o ngā putea retort pāmahana-teitei. Hei whakaiti i te puta o ngā raruraru kounga puranga, me whakamātautau me te tirotiro i ngā putea retort pāmahana-teitei i runga i ngā āhuatanga whakaputa tūturu i mua i te whakamahinga me te wā whakaputa. Tirohia mēnā he papatahi, he miro, he pupuhi, he āhua rerekē te āhua o te kete i muri i te tunu, mēnā he wehewehe, he turuturu rānei, mēnā he tere hekenga o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana (ngā āhuatanga kume, te kaha kiri, te kaha hiri wera) e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga, me ētahi atu.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-18-2024
