He maha ngā momo kiriata e whakamahia ana i ia rā. He aha ngā rauemi e hangaia ai ēnei kiriata? He aha ngā āhuatanga mahi o ia kiriata? Anei tētahi whakataki taipitopito ki ngā kiriata kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ia rā:
Ko te kiriata kirihou he kiriata i hangaia mai i te polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene me ētahi atu kapia, e whakamahia ana i roto i te takai, te hanga, me te mea he paparanga paninga, me ētahi atu.
Ka taea te wehewehe i te kiriata kirihou ki
–Kiriata ahumahi: kiriata pupuhi, kiriata maramataka, kiriata totoro, kiriata whakarewa, me ētahi atu;
– Kiriata whare ahuwhenua, kiriata paparanga, me ētahi atu;
–Ngā kiriata mō ngā takai (tae atu ki ngā kiriata hiato mō ngā takai rongoā, ngā kiriata hiato mō ngā takai kai, me ētahi atu).
Ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te kiriata kirihou:
Ngā āhuatanga mahi o ngā kiriata kirihou matua:
Kiriata Polypropylene Aronga-rua (BOPP)
He kapia kirihou wera te polypropylene i hangaia mā te whakakotahitanga o te propylene. He iti ake te pāmahana whakararuraru wera o ngā rauemi PP Copolymer (100°C), he iti te mārama, he iti te kanapa, he iti hoki te pakari, engari he kaha ake te kaha pānga, ā, ka piki ake te kaha pānga o te PP me te pikinga ake o te ihirangi ethylene. Ko te pāmahana whakangawari Vicat o te PP he 150°C. Nā te nui o te tioata, he tino pai te pakari o te mata o tēnei rauemi me ngā āhuatanga ātete ki te rakuraku. Kāore he raruraru pakaru taiao o te PP.
Ko te kiriata polypropylene whakahāngai-rua (BOPP) he rauemi takai ngāwari mārama i whakawhanakehia i te tekau tau atu i 1960. Ka whakamahia he raina whakaputa motuhake hei whakaranu i ngā rauemi mata polypropylene me ngā tāpiringa mahi, ka whakarewahia, ka pokepokea hei pepa, kātahi ka totoro hei kiriata. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te takai kai, monamona, hikareti, tī, wai hua, miraka, kakahu, me ētahi atu, ā, he ingoa rongonui ko te "Kuini Takai". Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi ki te whakarite i ngā hua mahi tāpiri-uara nui pēnei i ngā kiriuhi hiko me ngā kiriuhi moroiti, nō reira he whānui rawa ngā tirohanga whanaketanga o ngā kiriata BOPP.
Ehara i te mea ko ngā painga o te kiriata BOPP ko te iti o te mātotoru, te ātete pai ki te waikura me te ātete pai ki te wera o te kapia PP anake, engari he pai hoki ngā āhuatanga whatu, he kaha miihini teitei, ā, he nui ngā rauemi mata. Ka taea te whakakotahi i te kiriata BOPP me ētahi atu rauemi he āhuatanga motuhake hei whakapai ake, hei whakapai ake rānei i te mahi. Ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te kiriata PE, te kiriata polypropylene salivating (CPP), te polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), te kiriata konumohe, me ētahi atu.
Kiriata Polyethylene Matotoru Iti (LDPE)
Ko te kiriata polyethylene, arā, ko te PE, he ātete ki te makuku me te iti o te uruhanga makuku.
Ko te polyethylene iti-kiato (LPDE) he kapia hangai i whiwhihia mā te whakapūhuitanga rauropi ethylene i raro i te pēhanga teitei, nō reira e kiia ana ko te "polyethylene pēhanga teitei". He ngota peka te LPDE me ngā manga o ngā roa rerekē i runga i te mekameka matua, me te 15 ki te 30 ethyl, butyl, roa ake rānei ngā manga mō ia 1000 ngota waro i roto i te mekameka matua. Nā te mea he maha atu ngā mekameka peka roa me ngā mekameka poto o te mekameka ngota, he iti te kiato o te hua, he ngawari, he iti te ātete ki te pāmahana, he pai te ātete ki te pānga, he pai te pumau matū, ā, he ātete waikawa whānui (haunga ngā waikawa waikura kaha), he pai ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru hiko o te kawakawa, te waikura tote. He mārama, he kanapa, he pai te pumau matū, he pai te hiri wera, he ātete ki te wai me te makuku, he ātete ki te huka, ā, ka taea te kohuatia. Ko tōna ngoikoretanga matua ko tōna ārai ngoikore ki te hāora.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei kiriata paparanga o roto o ngā rauemi takai ngāwari hiato, ā, koinei hoki te kiriata takai kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā, e neke atu i te 40% o te whakamahinga o ngā kiriata takai kirihou. He maha ngā momo kiriata takai polyethylene, ā, he rerekē anō hoki ā rātou mahi. He takitahi te mahi a te kiriata paparanga-kotahi, ā, he tautoko te mahi a te kiriata hiato. Koinei te rauemi matua o te takai kai. Tuarua, ka whakamahia anō hoki te kiriata polyethylene i roto i te mara o te hangarau ā-iwi, pērā i te geomembrane. He ātete wai i roto i te hangarau ā-iwi, ā, he iti rawa te uruhanga. Ka whakamahia te kiriata ahuwhenua i roto i te ahuwhenua, ka taea te wehewehe ki te kiriata whare tiaki, te kiriata mulch, te kiriata uhi kawa, te kiriata rokiroki matomato me ētahi atu.
Kiriata polyester (PET)
Ko te kiriata polyester (PET), e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te polyethylene terephthalate, he kirihou hangarau thermoplastic. He rauemi kiriata i hangaia mai i ngā rau matotoru mā te extrusion, kātahi ka totorohia kia rua ngā taha. Ko te kiriata polyester he āhuatanga miihini pai rawa atu, he pakari teitei, he pakeke me te pakari, he ātete ki te poka, he ātete ki te waku, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te pāmahana iti, he ātete matū, he ātete ki te hinu, he piri ki te hau me te pupuri kakara. Ko tētahi o ngā papa kiriata hiato tuturu, engari kāore i te pai te ātete ki te korona.
He nui te utu mō te kiriata polyester, ā, ko tōna matotoru he 0.12 mm te nuinga. He maha te whakamahinga hei rauemi o waho o ngā takai kai mō ngā takai, ā, he pai te āheinga ki te tā. Hei tāpiri, he maha te whakamahinga o te kiriata polyester hei taonga tā me te takai pērā i te kiriata tiaki taiao, te kiriata PET, me te kiriata mā, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi pērā i ngā kirihou whakakaha muka karāhe, ngā rauemi hanga, te tā, me te rongoā me te hauora.
Kiriata kirihou nairona (ONY)
Ko te ingoa matū o te nairona ko te polyamide (PA). I tēnei wā, he maha ngā momo nairona e hangaia ana i roto i te ahumahi, ā, ko ngā momo matua e whakamahia ana hei hanga kiriata ko te nairona 6, te nairona 12, te nairona 66, me ētahi atu. He kiriata tino pakari te kiriata nairona, he mārama pai, he kanapa pai, he kaha kume me te kaha kume, ā, he ātete wera pai, he ātete makariri, he ātete hinu me te ātete whakarewa waro. He ātete kakahu pai me te ātete poka, he ngawari, he pai ngā āhuatanga ārai hāora, engari he ngoikore ngā āhuatanga ārai ki te mamaoa wai, he nui te mimiti makuku me te uruhanga makuku, he ngoikore te hokohoko wera, he pai mō te takai i ngā taonga pakeke, pērā i te kai hinuhinu, ngā hua mīti, ngā kai parai, ngā kai kua tākai korehau, ngā kai kōhua, me ētahi atu.
Kiriata Polypropylene Maka (CPP)
He rerekē te kiriata polypropylene whakahāngai rua-axial (BOPP), ko te kiriata polypropylene whakarewa (CPP) he kiriata whakaputa papatahi kāore i totoro, kāore i te whakahāngai, i hangaia mā te whakarewa rewa me te tinei. He tere te hanga, he nui te putanga, he mārama te kiriata, he kanapa, he rite te matotoru, me te taurite pai o ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Nā te mea he kiriata whakaputa papatahi, he tino watea ngā mahi whai muri pēnei i te tā me te whakaranu. He whānui te whakamahinga o te CPP i roto i te takai i ngā kakahu, i ngā putiputi, i ngā kai, me ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā.
Kiriata kirihou pania ki te konumohe
He rite ngā āhuatanga o te kiriata konumohe ki te kiriata kirihou, me ngā āhuatanga o te konganuku. Ko te mahi a te whakakikorua konumohe i runga i te mata o te kiriata he tiaki i te mārama me te ārai i te hihi ultraviolet, e kore e whakaroa noa i te roa o te oranga o ngā mea o roto, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te kanapa o te kiriata. Nō reira, he whānui te whakamahinga o te kiriata konumohe i roto i ngā takai hiato, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā takai kai maroke me ngā takai kai pupuhi pērā i ngā pihikete, tae atu ki ngā takai o waho o ētahi rongoā me ngā mea whakapaipai.
Te wā tuku: Hōngongoi-19-2023
