Buku la tanthauzoli likufotokoza mawu ofunikira okhudzana ndi matumba ndi zipangizo zosinthika, kuwonetsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana, makhalidwe, ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Kumvetsetsa mawu awa kungathandize kusankha ndi kupanga njira zogwirira ntchito zogwirira ntchito.
Nayi tanthauzo la mawu ofala okhudzana ndi matumba ndi zipangizo zomangira zosinthika:
1. Chomatira:Chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza zinthu pamodzi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makanema ndi m'matumba okhala ndi zigawo zambiri.
2.Kupaka komatira
Njira yopaka utoto pomwe zigawo za zinthu zopaka utoto zimamatirirana ndi guluu.
3.AL - Chojambula cha Aluminiyamu
Chojambula cha aluminiyamu chopyapyala (ma microns 6-12) cholumikizidwa ku mafilimu apulasitiki kuti chipereke mpweya wabwino kwambiri, fungo labwino komanso mphamvu zotchingira nthunzi ya madzi. Ngakhale kuti ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotchingira, chikusinthidwa kwambiri ndi mafilimu achitsulo, (onani MET-PET, MET-OPP ndi VMPET) chifukwa cha mtengo wake.
4. Cholepheretsa
Kapangidwe ka Zotchinga: Kuthekera kwa chinthu kupirira mpweya, chinyezi, ndi kuwala kulowa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zapakidwa.
5. Yowola:Zipangizo zomwe zimatha kusweka mwachilengedwe kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni m'chilengedwe.
6.CPP
Filimu ya Polypropylene yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Mosiyana ndi OPP, imatha kutsekedwa ndi kutentha, koma kutentha kwambiri kuposa LDPE, motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lotseka kutentha mu phukusi lotha kubweza. Komabe, si yolimba ngati filimu ya OPP.
7.COF
Kuchulukana kwa mpweya, muyeso wa "kutsetsereka" kwa mafilimu apulasitiki ndi ma laminate. Miyeso nthawi zambiri imachitidwa pamwamba pa filimu kupita pamwamba pa filimu. Miyeso ingachitikenso pamwamba pa filimu, koma sikuvomerezeka, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa COF kumatha kusokonezedwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa mapangidwe a pamwamba ndi kuipitsidwa pamwamba pa mayeso.
8. Valavu ya Khofi
Vavu yochepetsera kupanikizika imayikidwa m'matumba a khofi kuti mpweya wachilengedwe wosafunikira utuluke pamene khofiyo ikusunga kutsitsimuka. Imatchedwanso valavu yonunkhira chifukwa imakulolani kununkhiza chinthucho kudzera mu valavu.
9. Thumba Lodulidwa ndi Die
Chikwama chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zomatira za m'mbali zomwe zimadutsa mu die-punch kuti zidule zinthu zotsekedwa, ndikusiya kapangidwe komaliza ka thumba lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Chingathe kuchitika ndi mitundu yonse ya thumba loyimirira ndi la pilo.
10. Phukusi la Doy (Doyen)
Chikwama choyimirira chomwe chili ndi zisindikizo mbali zonse ziwiri komanso kuzungulira gusset ya pansi. Mu 1962, Louis Doyen adapanga ndikupatsa patent thumba loyamba lofewa lokhala ndi pansi lodzaza ndi mpweya lotchedwa Doy pack. Ngakhale kuti phukusi latsopanoli silinali lopambana nthawi yomweyo, likukula kwambiri masiku ano popeza patent yalowa m'manja mwa anthu. Komanso limalembedwa - Doypak, Doypac, Doy pak, Doy pac.
11. Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol (EVOH):Pulasitiki yolimba kwambiri yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafilimu okhala ndi zigawo zambiri kuti ipereke chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha mpweya
12. Kuyika Zinthu Zosinthasintha:Kupaka zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kupindika, kupindika, kapena kupindika mosavuta, nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo matumba, matumba, ndi mafilimu.
13. Kusindikiza kwa Gravure
(Rotogravure). Pogwiritsa ntchito gravure printing, chithunzi chimajambulidwa pamwamba pa mbale yachitsulo, malo ojambulidwawo amadzazidwa ndi inki, kenako mbaleyo imazunguliridwa pa silinda yomwe imasamutsa chithunzicho ku filimu kapena zinthu zina. Gravure ndi chidule cha Rotogravure.
14. Gusset
Phimbani m'mbali kapena pansi pa thumba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti lizitha kufalikira pamene zinthu zili mkati mwake.
15.HDPE
Polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri (0.95-0.965). Gawoli lili ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu zabwino zotchingira nthunzi ya madzi kuposa LDPE, ngakhale kuti ndi lozizira kwambiri.
16. Mphamvu ya chisindikizo cha kutentha
Mphamvu ya chisindikizo cha kutentha imayesedwa chisindikizocho chitaziziritsidwa.
17. Kulemba Zigoli za Laser
Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kopapatiza kopepuka komanso kolimba kwambiri kuti mudule pang'ono chinthu cholunjika kapena chooneka ngati mawonekedwe. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mawonekedwe osavuta kutsegulira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zomangira zosinthika.
18.LDPE
Polyethylene yotsika kwambiri, (0.92-0.934). Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza kutentha komanso kuphimba zinthu zambiri mu phukusi.
19. Filimu Yopaka:Chopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo za mafilimu osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino komanso kuti zikhale zolimba.
20.MDPE
Kuchuluka kwapakati, (0.934-0.95) polyethylene. Ili ndi kulimba kwambiri, malo osungunuka kwambiri komanso mphamvu zabwino zotchingira nthunzi ya madzi.
21.MET-OPP
Filimu ya OPP yopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Ili ndi makhalidwe onse abwino a filimu ya OPP, komanso mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zotchingira mpweya ndi nthunzi ya madzi, (koma si zabwino ngati MET-PET).
22. Kanema Wokhala ndi Zigawo Zambiri:Filimu yomwe imapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimapereka zinthu zinazake monga mphamvu, chotchinga, ndi kutsekeka.
23. Mylar:Dzina la mtundu wa filimu ya polyester yodziwika ndi mphamvu zake, kulimba kwake, komanso zinthu zotchinga.
24.NY – Nayiloni
Ma resini a polyamide, okhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, omveka bwino komanso olimba. Mitundu iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafilimu - nayiloni-6 ndi nayiloni-66. Yotsirizirayi ili ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa kusungunuka, motero imakhala yolimba kutentha, koma yoyambayo ndi yosavuta kuikonza, ndipo ndi yotsika mtengo. Yonse ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zoletsa mpweya ndi fungo, koma ndi zolepheretsa mpweya wamadzi.
25. OPP - Filimu Yoyang'aniridwa ya PP (polypropylene)
Filimu yolimba, yomveka bwino, koma yosatseka kutentha. Nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi mafilimu ena, (monga LDPE) kuti isamatseke kutentha. Ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride), kapena kupakidwa chitsulo kuti ikhale ndi zinthu zotchinga bwino.
26.OTR - Kuchuluka kwa Mpweya Wopatsa Mpweya
OTR ya zipangizo zapulasitiki imasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi chinyezi; chifukwa chake iyenera kufotokozedwa. Mikhalidwe yoyezera ndi chinyezi cha 0, 60 kapena 100%. Mayunitsi ndi cc./100 mainchesi lalikulu/maola 24, (kapena cc/mita lalikulu/maola 24) (cc = masentimita a kiyubiki)
27.PET - Polyester, (Polyethylene Terephthalate)
Polima wolimba komanso wopirira kutentha. Filimu ya PET yolunjika pa biaxially imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma laminate popangira, komwe imapereka mphamvu, kuuma komanso kukana kutentha. Nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi mafilimu ena kuti isamatenthe kutentha komanso kuti ikhale ndi zotchinga zabwino.
28.PP - Polypropylene
Ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, motero imakhala yolimba kwambiri kuposa PE. Mitundu iwiri ya mafilimu a PP amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka: cast, (onani CAPP) ndi oriented (onani OPP).
29. Thumba:Mtundu wa phukusi losinthasintha lopangidwira kunyamula zinthu, nthawi zambiri lokhala ndi pamwamba lotsekedwa komanso lotseguka kuti lizipezeka mosavuta.
30.PVDC - Polyvinylidene Chloride
Chotchinga chabwino kwambiri cha mpweya ndi nthunzi ya madzi, koma sichingatulutsidwe, motero chimapezeka makamaka ngati chophimba chowongolera mawonekedwe a zotchinga za mafilimu ena apulasitiki, (monga OPP ndi PET) kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito popakira. Chokutidwa ndi PVDC ndi chophimba cha 'saran' ndizofanana.
31. Kulamulira Kwabwino:Njira ndi njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ma CD akukwaniritsa miyezo yodziwika bwino ya magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo.
32. Chikwama cha Chisindikizo Chachinayi:Chikwama cha chisindikizo chachinayi ndi mtundu wa phukusi losinthasintha lomwe lili ndi zisindikizo zinayi—ziwiri zoyima ndi ziwiri zopingasa—zomwe zimapangitsa zisindikizo zamakona mbali iliyonse. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandiza thumba kuyima chilili, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale loyenera kwambiri pazinthu zopakira zomwe zimapindula ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukhazikika, monga zokhwasula-khwasula, khofi, chakudya cha ziweto, ndi zina zambiri.
33. Kubwezera
Kukonza kutentha kapena kuphika chakudya chopakidwa m'matumba kapena zinthu zina mu chidebe chopanikizika kuti zisungidwe bwino kuti zisungidwe bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Matumba osungira zinthu amapangidwa ndi zinthu zoyenera kutentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yosungira zinthu, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 121°C.
34. Utomoni:Chinthu cholimba kapena chokhuthala kwambiri chochokera ku zomera kapena zinthu zopangidwa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki.
35. Katundu Wozungulira
Ponena za zinthu zilizonse zosinthika zomwe zili mu mawonekedwe a mpukutu.
36.Rotogravure Printing - (Gravure)
Pogwiritsa ntchito gravure, chithunzi chimajambulidwa pamwamba pa mbale yachitsulo, malo ojambulidwawo amadzazidwa ndi inki, kenako mbaleyo imazunguliridwa pa silinda yomwe imasamutsa chithunzicho ku filimu kapena zinthu zina. Gravure ndi chidule cha Rotogravure.
37. Thumba la Ndodo
Chikwama chopapatiza chofewa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popakira zakumwa za ufa zomwe zimaperekedwa kamodzi kokha monga zakumwa za zipatso, khofi ndi tiyi wachangu komanso zinthu zopangidwa ndi shuga ndi kirimu.
38. Chitseko Chotsekera:Chigawo mkati mwa filimu yokhala ndi zigawo zambiri zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zisindikizo panthawi yokonza zinthu.
39. Filimu Yochepa:Filimu ya pulasitiki yomwe imachepa kwambiri pa chinthu ikatenthedwa, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yachiwiri yopakira.
40. Mphamvu Yokoka:Kukana kwa chinthu kuti chisasweke pamene chikugwedezeka, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukhala ndi matumba osinthasintha.
41.VMPET - Filimu ya PET Yopangidwa ndi Zitsulo Zotsukira
Ili ndi zinthu zonse zabwino za filimu ya PET, komanso zinthu zabwino kwambiri zotchinga mpweya ndi nthunzi ya madzi.
42. Kupaka Vacuum:Njira yopakira yomwe imachotsa mpweya m'thumba kuti ipitirize kukhala yatsopano komanso yokhalitsa.
43.WVTR - Kuchuluka kwa Kutumiza Nthunzi ya Madzi
nthawi zambiri imayesedwa pa chinyezi cha 100%, chomwe chimawonetsedwa mu magalamu/ma inchi 100/maola 24, (kapena magalamu/mita lalikulu/maola 24.) Onani MVTR.
44. Thumba la Zipu
Chikwama chotsekanso kapena chotsekanso chomwe chimapangidwa ndi njira ya pulasitiki momwe zigawo ziwiri za pulasitiki zimalumikizana kuti zipereke njira yomwe imalola kutsekanso mu phukusi losinthasintha.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-26-2024
