Filimu ya pulasitiki yopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zinthu zomwe sizingagwedezeke. Kuyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa kutentha ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira chakudya chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizingagwedezeke kwambiri. Komabe, mawonekedwe enieni a mafilimu a pulasitiki opangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana amatha kuwola kutentha akatenthedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zomangirazo zisagwedezeke bwino. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amakumana nawo akaphika matumba opangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizingagwedezeke kwambiri, ndipo ikuwonetsa njira zawo zoyesera magwiridwe antchito, ndikuyembekeza kuti zidzakhala ndi tanthauzo lotsogolera popanga zinthu zenizeni.
Matumba opakitsira zinthu zosatentha kwambiri ndi njira yopakitsira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira nyama, soya ndi zakudya zina zokonzedwa kale. Nthawi zambiri zimapakidwa mu vacuum ndipo zimatha kusungidwa kutentha kwa chipinda mutatenthedwa ndikutsukidwa kutentha kwambiri (100 ~ 135°C). Chakudya chopakidwa zinthu zosatentha kwambiri n'chosavuta kunyamula, chokonzeka kudyedwa mutatsegula thumba, ndi chaukhondo komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo chimatha kusunga kukoma kwa chakudyacho, kotero ogula amachikonda kwambiri. Kutengera njira yophikira ndi zinthu zopakitsira, nthawi yosungiramo zinthu zosatentha kwambiri imakhala kuyambira theka la chaka mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Njira yopakira chakudya chobweza ndi kupanga matumba, kuyika m'matumba, kutsuka utsi, kutseka kutentha, kuyang'anira, kuphika ndi kutenthetsa, kuumitsa ndi kuziziritsa, ndi kuyika. Kuphika ndi kutenthetsa ndi njira yaikulu ya ndondomeko yonseyi. Komabe, matumba opakira opangidwa ndi zinthu za polima - pulasitiki, kuyenda kwa unyolo wa mamolekyu kumakula kwambiri akatenthedwa, ndipo mawonekedwe a zinthuzo amatha kuchepetsa kutentha. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mavuto omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri akaphika matumba obweza kutentha kwambiri, ndikuwonetsa njira zawo zoyesera magwiridwe antchito.
1. Kusanthula mavuto omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri ndi matumba onyamula zinthu omwe safuna kubwebweta
Chakudya chotentha kwambiri chimapakidwa kenako n’kutenthedwa ndi kutenthedwa pamodzi ndi zinthu zopakira. Kuti chikhale ndi makhalidwe abwino komanso zinthu zabwino zotchingira, ma CD olimbana ndi ma CD amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyambira. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo PA, PET, AL ndi CPP. Nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri za mafilimu ophatikizika, ndi zitsanzo zotsatirazi (BOPA/CPP, PET/CPP), filimu yophatikizika yokhala ndi zigawo zitatu (monga PA/AL/CPP, PET/PA/CPP) ndi filimu yophatikizika yokhala ndi zigawo zinayi (monga PET/PA/AL/CPP). Pakupanga kwenikweni, mavuto ofala kwambiri ndi makwinya, matumba osweka, kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi fungo mukatha kuphika:
1). Kawirikawiri pali mitundu itatu ya makwinya m'matumba opakira: makwinya opingasa kapena oyima kapena osakhazikika pa zinthu zoyambira zopakira; makwinya ndi ming'alu pa gawo lililonse lophatikizana ndi kusasalala bwino; kuchepa kwa zinthu zoyambira zopakira, ndi kuchepa kwa gawo lophatikizana ndi zigawo zina zophatikizana Zosiyana, mizere. Matumba osweka amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kuphulika mwachindunji ndi kukwinya kenako kuphulika.
2). Kuduladula kumatanthauza chochitika chakuti zigawo zophatikizika za zinthu zopakira zimalekanitsidwa. Kuduladula pang'ono kumawonekera ngati mikwingwirima m'malo opanikizika a phukusi, ndipo mphamvu yochotsa imachepa, ndipo imatha kung'ambika pang'ono ndi manja. Pazochitika zazikulu, gawo lophatikizana la phukusi limalekanitsidwa pamalo akulu mutaphika. Ngati duladulana lichitika, kulimbitsana kwa zinthu zakuthupi pakati pa zigawo zophatikizika za zinthu zopakira kudzatha, ndipo zinthu zakuthupi ndi zotchinga zidzatsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kukwaniritsa zofunikira za nthawi yosungiramo zinthu, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bizinesi iwonongeke kwambiri.
3). Kutuluka kwa mpweya pang'ono nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yophikira ndipo sikophweka kuzindikira panthawi yophika. Panthawi yoyendera ndi kusungiramo zinthu, kuchuluka kwa vacuum kwa chinthucho kumachepa ndipo mpweya wowonekera umawonekera m'mabokosi. Chifukwa chake, vuto la khalidweli nthawi zambiri limakhudza zinthu zambiri. Zinthu zimakhudza kwambiri. Kutuluka kwa mpweya kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutseka kutentha kochepa komanso kukana kubowoka bwino kwa thumba lobwezera.
4). Fungo likatha kuphika ndi vuto lodziwika bwino. Fungo lapadera lomwe limawonekera mukatha kuphika limakhudzana ndi zotsalira zambiri zosungunulira zomwe zili mu phukusi kapena kusankha zinthu mosayenera. Ngati filimu ya PE ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lotsekera mkati mwa matumba ophikira otentha kwambiri kuposa 120°, filimu ya PE imakhala ndi fungo losavuta kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, RCPP nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa ngati gawo lamkati la matumba ophikira otentha kwambiri.
2. Njira zoyesera za mawonekedwe enieni a phukusi losabwerera m'mbuyo
Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a khalidwe la ma CD osasinthika ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimakhudza zinthu zambiri monga zinthu zopangira zinthu zosakanikirana, zomatira, inki, njira zopangira zinthu zosakanikirana ndi matumba, komanso njira zosinthira. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ma CD ndi chakudya chatha bwino, ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso oletsa kuphika pa ma CD.
Muyezo wadziko lonse wogwiritsidwa ntchito pa matumba opakidwa osagwedezeka ndi GB/T10004-2008 “Pulasitiki Composite Film for Packaging, Bag Dry Lamination, Extrusion Lamination”, womwe umachokera pa JIS Z 1707-1997 “Mfundo Zazikulu za Mafilimu a Pulasitiki a Chakudya Chopaka” Yopangidwa kuti ilowe m'malo mwa GB/T 10004-1998 “Mafilimu ndi Mabagi Osagwedezeka Osakanikirana” ndi GB/T10005-1998 “Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene Film/Low Density Polyethylene Composite Films and Bags”. GB/T 10004-2008 imaphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi ndi zizindikiro zotsalira za solvent za mafilimu ndi matumba opakidwa osagwedezeka, ndipo imafuna kuti matumba opakidwa osagwedezeka ayezedwe kuti awone ngati ali ndi kutentha kwambiri. Njira yake ndi kudzaza matumba opakira omwe safuna kubwezeredwa ndi 4% acetic acid, 1% sodium sulfide, 5% sodium chloride ndi mafuta a masamba, kenako kutulutsira utsi ndi kutseka, kutentha ndi kukanikiza mu mphika wophikira wopanikizika kwambiri pa 121°C kwa mphindi 40, ndikuziziritsa pamene kupanikizika sikunasinthe. Kenako mawonekedwe ake, mphamvu yake yokoka, kutalika kwake, mphamvu yochotsa ndi mphamvu yotsekera kutentha zimayesedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutsika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa. Fomula iyi ndi iyi:
R=（AB）/A×100
Mu fomula, R ndiye chiŵerengero cha kuchepa (%) cha zinthu zoyesedwa, A ndiye chiŵerengero chapakati cha zinthu zoyesedwa musanayambe mayeso apakati olimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri; B ndiye chiŵerengero chapakati cha zinthu zoyesedwa mutatha mayeso apakati olimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zofunikira pakuchita bwino ndi izi: “Pambuyo pa mayeso a dielectric olimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, zinthu zomwe zili ndi kutentha kwa 80°C kapena kupitirira apo siziyenera kukhala ndi delamination, kuwonongeka, kusintha koonekera mkati kapena kunja kwa thumba, komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu yochotsa, mphamvu yochotsa, mphamvu yodziwika bwino pakusweka, ndi mphamvu yotseka kutentha. Chiŵerengerocho chiyenera kukhala ≤30%”.
3. Kuyesa makhalidwe enieni a matumba onyamula zinthu omwe safuna kubwebweta
Kuyesa kwenikweni pa makina kumatha kuzindikira bwino momwe ma CD ogwirira ntchito amagwirira ntchito. Komabe, njira iyi siimatenga nthawi yokha, komanso imachepetsedwa ndi dongosolo lopangira ndi kuchuluka kwa mayeso. Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito ochepa, zinyalala zambiri, komanso mtengo wokwera. Kudzera mu mayeso obwerezabwereza kuti mupeze mawonekedwe enieni monga mawonekedwe omangika, mphamvu ya peel, mphamvu ya kutentha kutentha isanayambe komanso itatha, mtundu wa kukana kwa retort wa thumba lobwezera ukhoza kuweruzidwa mokwanira. Mayeso ophikira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya zomwe zili zenizeni ndi zinthu zoyeserera. Mayeso ophikira pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili zenizeni amatha kukhala pafupi momwe angathere ndi momwe zinthu zilili ndipo amatha kuletsa bwino ma CD osayenerera kuti asalowe mu mzere wopanga m'magulu. Pa mafakitale opangira zinthu zopaka, ma simulants amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kukana kwa zinthu zopaka panthawi yopanga komanso asanasungidwe. Kuyesa momwe kuphika kumagwirira ntchito ndikothandiza kwambiri komanso kogwira ntchito. Wolembayo akuwonetsa njira yoyesera magwiridwe antchito a matumba opaka omwe sagwedezeka powadzaza ndi zakumwa zoyeserera chakudya kuchokera kwa opanga atatu osiyanasiyana ndikuchita mayeso otenthetsera ndi kuwira motsatana. Njira yoyesera ndi iyi:
1). Mayeso ophikira
Zipangizo: Mphika wophikira wotetezeka komanso wanzeru wothira kutentha kwambiri kumbuyo, choyezera kutentha cha HST-H3
Masitepe Oyesera: Ikani mosamala 4% acetic acid mu thumba lobwezera mpaka magawo awiri mwa atatu a voliyumu. Samalani kuti musadetse chisindikizocho, kuti musakhudze kulimba kwa chisindikizocho. Mukadzaza, tsekani matumba ophikira ndi HST-H3, ndipo konzani zitsanzo 12. Mukatseka, mpweya womwe uli m'thumba uyenera kuchotsedwa momwe mungathere kuti mpweya utuluke panthawi yophika kuti usakhudze zotsatira za mayeso.
Ikani chitsanzo chotsekedwa mu mphika wophikira kuti muyambe kuyesa. Ikani kutentha kwa kuphika kufika pa 121°C, nthawi yophikira kufika pa mphindi 40, perekani zitsanzo 6 mu nthunzi, ndikuwiritsa zitsanzo 6. Pa nthawi yoyesera kuphika, samalani kwambiri kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kutentha mu mphika wophikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya zikusungidwa mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa.
Mukamaliza mayeso, ziziziritsani kutentha kwa chipinda, tulutsani ndikuwona ngati pali matumba osweka, makwinya, delamination, ndi zina zotero. Mukamaliza mayeso, pamwamba pa zitsanzo za 1# ndi 2# panali posalala mutaphika ndipo panalibe delamination. Pamwamba pa chitsanzo cha 3# panalibe posalala mutaphika, ndipo m'mbali mwake munali mopotoka mosiyanasiyana.
2). Kuyerekeza kwa makhalidwe omangika
Tengani matumba ophikira musanaphike komanso mutatha kuphika, dulani zitsanzo 5 zamakona anayi a 15mm × 150mm mopingasa ndi 150mm mopingasa, ndipo zikhazikitseni kwa maola 4 pamalo otentha a 23±2℃ ndi 50±10%RH. Makina oyesera a XLW (PC) anzeru amagetsi adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mphamvu yosweka ndi kutalika kwake pakasweka pansi pa 200mm/min.
3). Kuyesa kupeta
Malinga ndi njira A ya GB 8808-1988 “Njira Yoyesera Peel ya Zipangizo Zofewa za Pulasitiki”, dulani chitsanzo chokhala ndi m'lifupi wa 15±0.1mm ndi kutalika kwa 150mm. Tengani zitsanzo 5 chilichonse m'njira yopingasa komanso yoyimirira. Chotsani kaye gawo lophatikizana motsatira kutalika kwa chitsanzocho, chiyikeni mu makina oyesera a XLW (PC) anzeru, ndikuyesa mphamvu yochotsa peel pa 300mm/min.
4). Mayeso a mphamvu yotseka kutentha
Malinga ndi GB/T 2358-1998 “Njira Yoyesera Mphamvu Yotsekera Kutentha ya Matumba Opaka Mafilimu a Pulasitiki”, dulani chitsanzo cha 15mm mulifupi pa gawo lotsekera kutentha la chitsanzocho, chitseguleni pa 180°, ndikuyika malekezero onse awiri a chitsanzocho pa XLW (PC) intelligent Pa makina oyesera amagetsi, katundu wokwera kwambiri umayesedwa pa liwiro la 300mm/min, ndipo chiwopsezo chotsika chimawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya dielectric yokana kutentha kwambiri mu GB/T 10004-2008.
Chidule
Zakudya zopakidwa m'matumba zomwe sizimaphikidwa ndi zinthu zina zikukondedwa kwambiri ndi ogula chifukwa chakuti zimakhala zosavuta kudya ndi kusunga. Pofuna kusunga bwino zomwe zili mkati mwake ndikuletsa kuti chakudya chisawonongeke, gawo lililonse la kupanga matumba ophikira m'matumba otentha kwambiri liyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala komanso kulamulidwa moyenera.
1. Matumba ophikira omwe satentha kwambiri ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zoyenera kutengera zomwe zili mkati ndi momwe amapangira. Mwachitsanzo, CPP nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa ngati gawo lotsekera mkati mwa matumba ophikira omwe satentha kwambiri; pamene matumba ophikira okhala ndi zigawo za AL akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zinthu za asidi ndi alkaline, gawo lophatikizana la PA liyenera kuwonjezeredwa pakati pa AL ndi CPP kuti liwonjezere kukana kwa asidi ndi alkaline kulowa; gawo lililonse lophatikizana Kuchepa kwa kutentha kuyenera kukhala kofanana kapena kofanana kuti tipewe kupindika kapena kusokoneza zinthuzo mutaphika chifukwa cha kusafanana bwino kwa mphamvu ya kutentha.
2. Yang'anirani moyenera njira yopangira zinthu zophatikizika. Matumba oteteza kutentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowuma yopangira zinthu zophatikizika. Pakupanga filimu yoteteza, ndikofunikira kusankha guluu woyenera komanso njira yabwino yopangira zinthu zophatikizika, ndikuwongolera moyenera momwe zinthu zophatikizika zimagwirira ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti guluu ndi guluu zikugwira ntchito mokwanira.
3. Kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi njira yovuta kwambiri pakulongedza matumba obweza kutentha kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa mavuto a mtundu wa batch, matumba obweza kutentha kwambiri ayenera kuyesedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa kutengera momwe zinthu zilili popanga musanagwiritse ntchito komanso panthawi yopanga. Onetsetsani ngati mawonekedwe a phukusi mutaphika ndi athyathyathya, okwinya, otupa, opindika, ngati pali kusweka kapena kutayikira, ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakuthupi (mphamvu zokoka, mphamvu ya peel, mphamvu yotseka kutentha) kukukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-18-2024
