Ifilimu ehlanganisiwe yepulasitiki iyinto evame ukusetshenziswa ekupakisheni okumelana nokuphikiswa. Ukubulala amagciwane kokushisa nokushisa kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokupakisha ukudla okuphikiswayo okushisa okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zomzimba zamafilimu epulasitiki ahlanganisiwe zivame ukubola ngokushisa ngemva kokushiswa, okuholela ezintweni zokupakisha ezingafaneleki. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya izinkinga ezivamile ngemva kokupheka izikhwama eziphikiswayo ezishisayo kakhulu, futhi sethula izindlela zazo zokuhlola ukusebenza ngokomzimba, sinethemba lokuba nokubaluleka okuqondisayo ekukhiqizeni kwangempela.
Amaphakethe okupakisha amelana nokushisa okuphezulu ayindlela yokupakisha evame ukusetshenziswa enyameni, imikhiqizo yesoya kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokudla okulungiselelwe. Ngokuvamile ipakishwa nge-vacuum futhi ingagcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa ngemva kokufudunyezwa nokuhlanzwa ekushiseni okuphezulu (100 ~ 135°C). Ukudla okupakishwe okumelana nokushisa kulula ukukuthwala, kulungele ukudliwa ngemva kokuvula isikhwama, kuhlanzekile futhi kulula, futhi kungagcina ukunambitheka kokudla, ngakho-ke kuyathandwa kakhulu ngabathengi. Kuye ngenqubo yokuhlanza kanye nezinto zokupakisha, isikhathi sokuphila kwemikhiqizo yokupakisha emelana nokushisa sisukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili.
Inqubo yokufaka ukudla okuphendukile iwukwenza izikhwama, ukufaka izikhwama, ukuhlanza nge-vacuum, ukuvala ukushisa, ukuhlola, ukupheka nokushisa ukubulala amagciwane, ukomisa nokupholisa, kanye nokupakisha. Ukupheka nokushisa ukubulala amagciwane kuyinqubo eyinhloko yenqubo yonke. Kodwa-ke, lapho izikhwama zokufaka ezenziwe ngezinto ze-polymer - ipulasitiki, ukunyakaza kweketanga lama-molecule kuyaqina ngemva kokufudunyezwa, futhi izakhiwo zomzimba zezinto zivame ukuncishiswa ukushisa. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya izinkinga ezivamile ngemva kokupheka izikhwama zokuphendula ezishisa kakhulu, futhi sethula izindlela zazo zokuhlola ukusebenza ngokomzimba.
1. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga ezivamile ngezikhwama zokupakisha ezingaphenduki
Ukudla okuphekwa ngokushisa okuphezulu kuyapakishwa bese kufudunyezwa futhi kuhlanzwe kanye nezinto zokupakisha. Ukuze kufezwe izakhiwo eziphakeme zomzimba kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela, ukupakishwa okumelana nokuphekwa kwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene eziyisisekelo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka phakathi i-PA, i-PET, i-AL kanye ne-CPP. Izakhiwo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zinezendlalelo ezimbili zamafilimu ahlanganisiwe, kanye nezibonelo ezilandelayo (i-BOPA/CPP, i-PET/CPP), ifilimu ehlanganisiwe enezendlalelo ezintathu (njenge-PA/AL/CPP, i-PET/PA/CPP) kanye nefilimu ehlanganisiwe enezendlalelo ezine (njenge-PET/PA/AL/CPP). Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, izinkinga zekhwalithi ezivame kakhulu imibimbi, izikhwama eziphukile, ukuvuza komoya kanye nephunga ngemva kokupheka:
1). Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokushwabana ezikhwameni zokupakisha: imibimbi evundlile noma eqondile noma engajwayelekile ezintweni eziyisisekelo zokupakisha; imibimbi nemifantu kungqimba ngayinye ehlanganisiwe kanye nokungagugi kahle; ukushwabana kwezinto eziyisisekelo zokupakisha, kanye nokushwabana kwengqimba ehlanganisiwe nezinye izendlalelo ezihlanganisiwe Ezihlukene, ezinemigqa. Izikhwama eziphukile zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukuqhuma okuqondile kanye nokushwabana bese kuba ukuqhuma.
2). Ukuhlukanisa kubhekisela esimweni sokuthi izendlalelo ezihlanganisiwe zezinto zokupakisha zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye. Ukuhlukanisa okuncane kubonakala njengezimbotshana ezinjengemigqa ezingxenyeni ezicindezelwe zephakheji, futhi amandla okuxebuka ayancipha, futhi kungahlukaniswa kancane ngesandla. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe lwephakheji luhlukaniswa endaweni enkulu ngemva kokupheka. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlukanisa, ukuqina okuhlangene kwezakhiwo zomzimba phakathi kwezingqimba ezihlanganisiwe zezinto zokupakisha kuzonyamalala, futhi izakhiwo zomzimba nezakhiwo zokuvimbela zizokwehla kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphila kweshelufu, okuvame ukubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ebhizinisini.
3). Ukuvuza komoya okuncane ngokuvamile kunesikhathi eside sokufukamela futhi akulula ukukubona ngesikhathi sokupheka. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleziswa komkhiqizo kanye nesikhathi sokugcina, izinga lokungcola komkhiqizo liyancipha futhi umoya osobala uvela ephaketheni. Ngakho-ke, le nkinga yekhwalithi ivame ukuhilela inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo. Imikhiqizo inethonya elikhulu. Ukwenzeka kokuvuza komoya kuhlobene eduze nokuvalwa kokushisa okubuthakathaka kanye nokumelana nokubhoboza okubi kwesikhwama sokuphendula.
4). Iphunga ngemva kokupheka nalo liyinkinga evamile yekhwalithi. Iphunga elingavamile elivela ngemva kokupheka lihlobene nezinsalela eziningi ze-solvent ezintweni zokupakisha noma ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingafanele. Uma ifilimu ye-PE isetshenziswa njengengqimba yokuvala yangaphakathi yezikhwama zokupheka ezishisa kakhulu ezingaphezu kuka-120°, ifilimu ye-PE ivame ukunuka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, i-RCPP ngokuvamile ikhethwa njengengqimba yangaphakathi yezikhwama zokupheka ezishisa kakhulu.
2. Izindlela zokuhlola izakhiwo zomzimba zokupakisha okumelana nokuphenduka
Izici eziholela ezinkingeni zekhwalithi zokupakisha okumelana nokuphikiswa ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zihilela izici eziningi ezifana nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingqimbeni ezihlanganisiwe, izinamathiseli, uyinki, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokwenza okuhlanganisiwe kanye nezikhwama, kanye nezinqubo zokuguqula. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokupakisha kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi sokudla, kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo zokumelana nokupheka ezintweni zokupakisha.
Izinga likazwelonke elisebenza ezikhwameni zokupakisha ezingamelani nokugoba yi-GB/T10004-2008 “Ifilimu Ehlanganisiwe Yepulasitiki Yokupakisha, I-Bag Dry Lamination, i-Extrusion Lamination”, esekelwe ku-JIS Z 1707-1997 “Izimiso Ezijwayelekile Zamafilimu Epulasitiki Okupakisha Ukudla” Ezakhelwe ukuthatha indawo ye-GB/T 10004-1998 “Amafilimu Nezikhwama Ezihlanganisiwe Ezimelana Nokugoba” kanye ne-GB/T10005-1998 “Amafilimu Nezikhwama Ezihlanganisiwe Ze-Polypropylene Eziqondiswe Ngaphakathi/Ubuningi Obuphansi Be-Polyethylene”. I-GB/T 10004-2008 ifaka izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba kanye nezinkomba zezinsalela ze-solvent zamafilimu nezikhwama zokupakisha ezingamelana nogoba, futhi idinga ukuthi izikhwama zokupakisha ezingamelana nogoba zihlolwe ukumelana kwemidiya okushisa okuphezulu. Indlela iwukugcwalisa izikhwama zokupakisha ezingaphenduki nge-4% acetic acid, 1% sodium sulfide, 5% sodium chloride kanye namafutha emifino, bese ukhipha umoya bese uvala, ufudumale bese ucindezela ebhodweni lokupheka elinomfutho ophezulu ku-121°C imizuzu engama-40, bese uphola ngenkathi ingcindezi ingashintshi. Ngemuva kwalokho kuhlolwa ukubukeka kwayo, amandla okuthamba, ukunwebeka, amandla okuxebuka kanye namandla okuvala ukushisa, bese kusetshenziswa izinga lokwehla ukuze kuhlolwe. Ifomula ilandelayo:
R=（AB）/A×100
Kufomula, u-R uyisilinganiso sokwehla (%) kwezinto ezivivinyiwe, u-A uyisilinganiso senani lezinto ezivivinyiwe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okuphakathi okumelana nokushisa okuphezulu; u-B uyisilinganiso senani lezinto ezivivinyiwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphakathi okumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Izidingo zokusebenza yilezi: “Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, imikhiqizo enezinga lokushisa elingu-80°C noma ngaphezulu akufanele ibe nokwehlukaniswa, umonakalo, ukuguquka okusobala ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwesikhwama, kanye nokwehla kwamandla okuxebuka, amandla okudonsa, ukucindezeleka okujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuphuka, kanye namandla okuvala ukushisa. Izinga kufanele libe ngu-≤30%”.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zezikhwama zokupakisha ezingaphenduki
Ukuhlolwa kwangempela emshinini kungabona ngempela ukusebenza okuphelele kokupakishwa okumelana nokuphikiswa. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayidli isikhathi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi inqunyelwe uhlelo lokukhiqiza kanye nenani lokuhlolwa. Isebenza kabi, imfucuza enkulu, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme. Ngokuhlola ukuphikiswa ukuthola izakhiwo zomzimba ezifana nezakhiwo zokuthamba, amandla okuhlubuka, amandla okuvala ukushisa ngaphambi nangemva kokuphikiswa, ikhwalithi yokumelana nokuphikiswa kwesikhwama sokuphikiswa ingahlulelwa ngokuphelele. Ukuhlolwa kokupheka ngokuvamile kusebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqukethwe kwangempela nezinto ezilingisiwe. Ukuhlolwa kokupheka okusebenzisa okuqukethwe kwangempela kungasondela ngangokunokwenzeka esimweni sokukhiqiza sangempela futhi kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukupakishwa okungafaneleki ukuthi kungene emgqeni wokukhiqiza ngamaqoqo. Emafektri ezinto zokupakisha, ama-simulants asetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukumelana kwezinto zokupakisha ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza nangaphambi kokugcinwa. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kokupheka kuyasebenza kakhulu futhi kuyasebenza. Umbhali wethula indlela yokuhlola ukusebenza ngokomzimba yezikhwama zokupakisha ezimelana nokuphikiswa ngokuzigcwalisa ngoketshezi lokulingisa ukudla oluvela kubakhiqizi abathathu abahlukene kanye nokwenza ukuhlolwa kokushiswa nokubilisa ngokulandelana. Inqubo yokuhlola imi kanje:
1). Ukuhlolwa kokupheka
Izinsimbi: Imbiza yokupheka ephephile nehlakaniphile ecindezela umgogodla esezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, isihloli sokushisa se-HST-H3
Izinyathelo zokuhlola: Faka ngokucophelela i-acetic acid engu-4% esikhwameni sokuphendula kuzingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zevolumu. Qaphela ukuthi ungangcolisi uphawu, ukuze ungathinti ukushesha kokuvala. Ngemva kokugcwalisa, vala izikhwama zokupheka nge-HST-H3, bese ulungisa amasampula angu-12. Uma uvala, umoya osesikhwameni kufanele ucinywe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvimbele ukwanda komoya ngesikhathi sokupheka ukuthi kungathinti imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Faka isampula evaliwe ebhodweni lokupheka ukuze uqale isivivinyo. Setha izinga lokushisa lokupheka libe ngu-121°C, isikhathi sokupheka sibe yimizuzu engama-40, ubilise amasampula ayi-6, bese ubilisa amasampula ayi-6. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokupheka, qaphela kakhulu izinguquko zomfutho womoya kanye nezinga lokushisa ebhodweni lokupheka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi kugcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elibekiwe.
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kokuhlolwa, pholile kuze kufike ekushiseni kwegumbi, yikhiphe bese ubheka ukuthi ngabe kunezikhwama eziphukile, imibimbi, ukuqhekeka, njll. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, ubuso besampula engu-1# no-2# babubushelelezi ngemva kokupheka futhi kwakungekho ukuqhekeka. Ubuso besampula engu-3# babungebushelelezi kakhulu ngemva kokupheka, futhi imiphetho yayigobile ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.
2). Ukuqhathaniswa kwezakhiwo zokudonsa
Thatha izikhwama zokupakisha ngaphambi nangemva kokupheka, sika amasampula ama-5 angunxande angu-15mm×150mm ohlangothini oluphambeneyo kanye no-150mm ohlangothini olude, bese uwabeka endaweni enokushisa okungu-23±2℃ kanye no-50±10%RH. Umshini wokuhlola ukucindezelwa kagesi we-XLW (PC) ohlakaniphile wasetshenziswa ukuhlola amandla okuphuka kanye nobude lapho kuphuka ngaphansi kwesimo esingu-200mm/min.
3). Ukuhlolwa kokuhlubuka
Ngokwendlela A ye-GB 8808-1988 “Indlela Yokuhlola Ukuhluba Izinto Zepulasitiki Ezithambile”, sika isampula enobubanzi obungu-15±0.1mm kanye nobude obungu-150mm. Thatha amasampula ama-5 ngalinye ngezindlela ezivundlile neziqondile. Hluba ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe kusengaphambili ngobude besampula, ulufake emshinini wokuhlola we-XLW (PC) ohlakaniphile, bese uvivinya amandla okuhluba ku-300mm/min.
4). Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okuvala ukushisa
Ngokusho kwe-GB/T 2358-1998 “Indlela Yokuhlola Amandla Okuvala Ukushisa Ezikhwama Zokupakisha Amafilimu Epulasitiki”, sika isampula engu-15mm ububanzi engxenyeni yokuvala ukushisa yesampula, uyivule ku-180°, bese ubopha zombili iziphetho zesampula ku-XLW (PC) intelligent Emshinini wokuhlola we-elekthronikhi wokudonsa, umthwalo omkhulu uvivinywa ngesivinini esingu-300mm/min, futhi izinga lokwehla libalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula ye-dielectric yokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu ku-GB/T 10004-2008.
Fingqa
Ukudla okupakishwe okungamelani nokugoba kuthandwa kakhulu ngabathengi ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukukudla nokugcina. Ukuze kugcinwe kahle ikhwalithi yokuqukethwe futhi kuvinjelwe ukudla ukuthi kungonakali, isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo yokukhiqiza izikhwama zokugoba ezishisa kakhulu sidinga ukugadwa ngokuqinile futhi silawulwe ngokufanele.
1. Izikhwama zokupheka ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezifanele ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, i-CPP ngokuvamile ikhethwa njengengqimba yangaphakathi yokuvala yezikhwama zokupheka ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu; lapho izikhwama zokupakisha ezinezendlalelo ze-AL zisetshenziselwa ukupakisha okuqukethwe kwe-asidi ne-alkaline, ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe lwe-PA kufanele lufakwe phakathi kwe-AL ne-CPP ukwandisa ukumelana nokuvuleka kwe-asidi ne-alkaline; ungqimba ngalunye oluhlanganisiwe Ukuncipha kokushisa kufanele kuhambisane noma kufane ukuze kugwenywe ukugoba noma ngisho nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ngemuva kokupheka ngenxa yokungalingani kahle kwezakhiwo zokuncipha kokushisa.
2. Lawula inqubo ehlanganisiwe ngokufanele. Izikhwama zokujikijela ezingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu zisebenzisa kakhulu indlela yokuhlanganisa eyomile. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ifilimu yokujikijela, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ingcina efanele kanye nenqubo enhle yokunamathisela, futhi ulawule ngokufanele izimo zokugcoba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingcina eyinhloko yengcina kanye nengcina yokugcoba zisabela ngokugcwele.
3. Ukumelana nokushisa okuphakathi nendawo kuyinqubo enzima kakhulu enkambisweni yokupakisha izikhwama zokuphendula ezishisa kakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvela kwezinkinga zekhwalithi yeqoqo, izikhwama zokuphendula ezishisa kakhulu kumele zihlolwe futhi zihlolwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zokukhiqiza ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa nangesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Hlola ukuthi ukubukeka kwephakheji ngemva kokupheka kuyisicaba, kushwabene, kunamabala, kukhubazekile, ukuthi kukhona yini ukuqhekeka noma ukuvuza, ukuthi izinga lokwehla kwezakhiwo zomzimba (izakhiwo zokudonsa, amandla okuqhekeka, amandla okuvala ukushisa) kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-18-2024
