Fim ɗin haɗakar filastik abu ne da ake amfani da shi a cikin marufi don marufi mai jure wa retort. Gyaran fuska da kuma tsaftace zafi muhimmin tsari ne na marufi abinci mai jure zafi. Duk da haka, halayen zahiri na fina-finan haɗakar filastik suna da saurin lalacewa ta zafi bayan an dumama su, wanda ke haifar da kayan marufi marasa inganci. Wannan labarin yana nazarin matsalolin da aka saba fuskanta bayan dafa jakunkunan gyaran fuska masu zafi, kuma yana gabatar da hanyoyin gwajin aikinsu na zahiri, suna fatan samun jagora ga ainihin samarwa.
Jakunkunan marufi masu jure zafi sosai nau'in marufi ne da ake amfani da shi don nama, kayan waken soya da sauran kayan abinci da aka shirya. Galibi ana sanya shi a cikin injin tsotsar ruwa kuma ana iya adana shi a zafin ɗaki bayan an dumama shi kuma an yi masa wanka a zafin jiki mai zafi (100~135°C). Abincin da aka shirya wanda ba ya jure zafi yana da sauƙin ɗauka, a shirye yake don ci bayan buɗe jakar, yana da tsabta kuma yana da sauƙin ɗauka, kuma yana iya kiyaye ɗanɗanon abincin sosai, don haka masu amfani suna son sa sosai. Dangane da tsarin tsaftacewa da kayan marufi, tsawon lokacin da kayayyakin marufi masu jure zafi ke ɗauka daga rabin shekara zuwa shekaru biyu.
Tsarin marufi na abincin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen yin jakunkuna, sanya jaka, yin amfani da injin tsabtace gida, rufewa da zafi, dubawa, dafa abinci da kuma sanyaya jiki, busarwa da sanyaya jiki, da kuma marufi. Yin amfani da injin tsabtace gida da dumama abinci shine babban aikin dukkan tsarin. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka yi amfani da jakunkunan marufi da aka yi da kayan polymer - robobi, motsin sarkar kwayoyin halitta yana ƙaruwa bayan an dumama shi, kuma halayen kayan suna da saurin rage zafi. Wannan labarin yana nazarin matsalolin da aka saba fuskanta bayan dafa jakunkunan gyaran gida masu zafi, kuma yana gabatar da hanyoyin gwajin aikinsu na zahiri.
1. Binciken matsalolin da aka saba fuskanta game da jakunkunan marufi masu jure wa dawowa
Ana shirya abincin da ke da zafi sosai sannan a dumama shi sannan a tsaftace shi tare da kayan marufi. Domin samun kyawawan halaye na zahiri da kyawawan halaye na shinge, ana yin marufi mai jure wa retort da nau'ikan kayan tushe daban-daban. Kayan da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da PA, PET, AL da CPP. Tsarin da aka fi amfani da su suna da layuka biyu na fina-finan hade-hade, tare da misalai masu zuwa (BOPA/CPP, PET/CPP), fim ɗin hade-hade mai matakai uku (kamar PA/AL/CPP, PET/PA/CPP) da fim ɗin hade-hade mai matakai huɗu (kamar PET/PA/AL/CPP). A cikin samarwa na ainihi, matsalolin inganci mafi yawan su ne wrinkles, jakunkuna da suka karye, zubar iska da wari bayan girki:
1) Gabaɗaya akwai nau'ikan lanƙwasa guda uku a cikin jakunkunan marufi: lanƙwasa a kwance ko a tsaye ko mara tsari akan kayan tushe na marufi; lanƙwasa da tsagewa akan kowane Layer mai hade da rashin lanƙwasa; lanƙwasa kayan tushe na marufi, da kuma lanƙwasa na Layer mai hade da sauran yadudduka masu hadewa Raba, masu layi. Jakunkunan da suka karye an raba su zuwa nau'i biyu: fashewa kai tsaye da lanƙwasa sannan fashewa.
2). Ragewar jiki yana nufin abin da ya faru cewa yadudduka masu haɗaka na kayan marufi suna rabuwa da juna. Ƙarancin raguwa yana bayyana a matsayin ƙuraje masu kama da ratsi a cikin sassan da ke cikin marufi, kuma ƙarfin barewa yana raguwa, har ma ana iya raba shi da hannu a hankali. A cikin mawuyacin hali, ana raba Layer ɗin haɗin marufi a babban yanki bayan dafa abinci. Idan ragewar jiki ta faru, ƙarfafa haɗin kai na halayen jiki tsakanin yadudduka masu haɗaka na kayan marufi zai ɓace, kuma halayen jiki da halayen shinge za su ragu sosai, wanda hakan zai sa ba zai yiwu a cika buƙatun rayuwar shiryayye ba, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da asara mai yawa ga kamfanin.
3). Ƙarancin zubar iska yawanci yana da tsawon lokacin ƙunƙuwa kuma ba shi da sauƙin ganewa yayin dafa abinci. A lokacin zagayawa da adanawa, matakin injin samfurin yana raguwa kuma iska mai bayyana tana bayyana a cikin marufi. Saboda haka, wannan matsalar inganci sau da yawa tana shafar adadi mai yawa na samfura. Samfuran suna da tasiri mafi girma. Faruwar zubewar iska tana da alaƙa da raunin rufe zafi da rashin juriyar huda jakar dawowa.
4). Ƙamshi bayan girki shi ma matsala ce ta inganci. Ƙamshin da ke bayyana bayan girki yana da alaƙa da yawan ragowar mai narkewa a cikin kayan marufi ko zaɓin kayan da ba daidai ba. Idan an yi amfani da fim ɗin PE a matsayin rufin ciki na jakunkunan girki masu zafi sama da 120°, fim ɗin PE yana iya jin ƙamshi a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Saboda haka, gabaɗaya ana zaɓar RCPP a matsayin Layer na ciki na jakunkunan girki masu zafi.
2. Hanyoyin gwaji don halayen jiki na marufi mai jure wa dawowa
Abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin inganci na marufi masu jure wa sake dawowa suna da rikitarwa kuma sun haɗa da fannoni da yawa kamar kayan haɗin kai, manne, tawada, sarrafa tsarin haɗa kayan haɗin kai da jaka, da kuma hanyoyin gyarawa. Domin tabbatar da ingancin marufi da tsawon lokacin da abinci ke ajiyewa, ya zama dole a gudanar da gwaje-gwajen juriyar girki akan kayan marufi.
Ma'aunin ƙasa da ya shafi jakunkunan marufi masu jure wa retort shine GB/T10004-2008 "Fim ɗin Hadakar Filastik don Marufi, Lamination Busasshen Jaka, Lamination Extrusion", wanda aka gina shi akan JIS Z 1707-1997 "Ka'idojin Gabaɗaya na Fina-finan Roba don Marufi Abinci" An tsara shi don maye gurbin GB/T 10004-1998 "Fina-finan Hadakar Mai Jure Wa Retort" da GB/T10005-1998 "Fim ɗin Polypropylene Mai Jure Wa Biaxially/Ƙarancin Yawan Polyethylene da Jakunkuna". GB/T 10004-2008 ya haɗa da halaye daban-daban na zahiri da alamun ragowar mai narkewa don fina-finan marufi masu jure wa retort, kuma yana buƙatar a gwada jakunkunan marufi masu jure wa retort don juriyar kafofin watsa labarai masu zafi. Hanyar ita ce a cika jakunkunan marufi masu jure wa retort da kashi 4% na acetic acid, 1% sodium sulfide, 5% sodium chloride da man kayan lambu, sannan a rufe, a dumama a matse a cikin tukunya mai matsin lamba a 121°C na tsawon mintuna 40, sannan a sanyaya yayin da matsin ya kasance ba a canza ba. Sannan a gwada bayyanarsa, ƙarfin tauri, tsayinsa, ƙarfin barewa da ƙarfin rufe zafi, sannan a yi amfani da ƙimar raguwar don kimanta shi. Tsarin shine kamar haka:
R=(AB)/A×100
A cikin dabarar, R shine ƙimar raguwa (%) na abubuwan da aka gwada, A shine matsakaicin ƙimar abubuwan da aka gwada kafin gwajin matsakaici mai jure zafi mai yawa; B shine matsakaicin ƙimar abubuwan da aka gwada bayan gwajin matsakaici mai jure zafi mai yawa. Bukatun aiki sune: "Bayan gwajin juriyar dielectric mai zafi mai yawa, samfuran da zafin sabis na 80°C ko sama da haka bai kamata su sami raguwa ba, lalacewa, ɓarna bayyananne a ciki ko wajen jakar, da raguwar ƙarfin barewa, ƙarfin ja, matsin lamba na musamman a lokacin karyewa, da ƙarfin rufe zafi. Yawan ya kamata ya zama ≤30%.
3. Gwaji na halayen zahiri na jakunkunan marufi masu jure wa dawowa
Gwajin da aka yi a kan injin zai iya gano cikakken aikin marufi mai jure wa retort. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar ba wai kawai tana ɗaukar lokaci ba ne, har ma tana da iyaka da tsarin samarwa da adadin gwaje-gwajen. Tana da ƙarancin aiki, babban sharar gida, da tsada mai yawa. Ta hanyar gwajin retort don gano halayen jiki kamar halayen tensile, ƙarfin barewa, ƙarfin hatimin zafi kafin da bayan retort, ana iya tantance ingancin juriyar retort na jakar retort sosai. Gwaje-gwajen girki gabaɗaya suna amfani da nau'ikan abubuwan ciki guda biyu na gaske da kayan kwaikwayo. Gwajin girki ta amfani da ainihin abubuwan ciki na iya zama kusa da yanayin samarwa na ainihi kuma yana iya hana marufi mara cancanta shiga layin samarwa a cikin rukuni-rukuni. Ga masana'antun kayan marufi, ana amfani da masu kwaikwayon don gwada juriyar kayan marufi yayin aikin samarwa da kuma kafin ajiya. Gwajin aikin girki ya fi dacewa kuma ana iya aiki. Marubucin ya gabatar da hanyar gwajin aikin jiki na jakunkunan marufi masu jure wa retort ta hanyar cika su da ruwa na kwaikwayo na abinci daga masana'antun guda uku daban-daban da kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwajen tururi da tafasa bi da bi. Tsarin gwajin kamar haka:
1). Gwajin girki
Kayan aiki: Tukunyar girki mai ƙarfi da matsin lamba a baya, mai gwajin hatimin zafi na HST-H3
Matakan gwaji: A hankali a saka kashi 4% na acetic acid a cikin jakar retort zuwa kashi biyu bisa uku na girman. A yi hankali kada a gurɓata hatimin, don kada ya shafi ƙarfin rufewa. Bayan an cika, a rufe jakunkunan girki da HST-H3, kuma a shirya jimillar samfura 12. Lokacin rufewa, iskar da ke cikin jakar ya kamata ta ƙare gwargwadon iko don hana faɗaɗa iska yayin dafa abinci ta shafi sakamakon gwajin.
Sanya samfurin da aka rufe a cikin tukunyar girki don fara gwajin. Saita zafin girki zuwa 121°C, lokacin girki zuwa mintuna 40, tururi samfura 6, sannan a tafasa samfura 6. A lokacin gwajin girki, a kula sosai da canje-canjen matsin iska da zafin jiki a cikin tukunyar girki don tabbatar da cewa zafin da matsin lamba suna cikin kewayon da aka saita.
Bayan an gama gwajin, a sanyaya zuwa zafin ɗaki, a fitar da shi a kuma lura ko akwai jakunkuna da suka karye, ko kuma sun yi laushi, ko kuma sun yi laushi, ko kuma sun yi laushi. Bayan gwajin, saman samfuran 1# da 2# sun yi laushi bayan an dafa su kuma babu wani haske. Fuskar samfurin 3# ba ta yi laushi sosai ba bayan an dafa ta, kuma gefuna sun karkace zuwa matakai daban-daban.
2). Kwatanta halayen taurin kai
Ɗauki jakunkunan marufi kafin da kuma bayan girki, yanke samfuran murabba'i 5 na 15mm × 150mm a cikin alkiblar juyawa da 150mm a cikin alkiblar tsayi, sannan a sanya su a cikin yanayi na 23±2℃ da 50±10%RH. An yi amfani da injin gwaji na lantarki mai wayo na XLW (PC) don gwada ƙarfin karyewa da tsawaitawa a lokacin karyewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin 200mm/min.
3) Gwajin barewa
A bisa ga hanyar A ta GB 8808-1988 “Hanyar Gwajin Barewa don Kayan Roba Masu Taushi”, yanke samfurin da faɗinsa ya kai 15±0.1mm da tsawonsa ya kai 150mm. Ɗauki samfura 5 kowanne a cikin kwatancen kwance da kuma a tsaye. Kafin a bare Layer ɗin da aka haɗa a gefen tsawon samfurin, a ɗora shi a cikin injin gwajin lantarki mai wayo na XLW (PC), sannan a gwada ƙarfin barewa a 300mm/min.
4). Gwajin ƙarfin rufe zafi
A cewar GB/T 2358-1998 "Hanyar Gwaji don Ƙarfin Rufe Zafi na Jakunkunan Marufi na Fim ɗin Roba", yanke samfurin faɗin 15mm a ɓangaren rufe zafi na samfurin, buɗe shi a 180°, kuma manne ƙarshen samfurin duka akan XLW (PC) mai wayo. A kan injin gwaji na lantarki, ana gwada matsakaicin kaya a gudun 300mm/min, kuma ana ƙididdige ƙimar raguwa ta amfani da dabarar dielectric mai juriya ga zafin jiki mai girma a cikin GB/T 10004-2008.
A taƙaice
Abincin da aka shirya wanda ba ya jure wa maganin hana kumburi yana ƙara samun karbuwa daga masu amfani saboda sauƙin cin abinci da adanawa. Domin a kiyaye ingancin abin da ke ciki yadda ya kamata da kuma hana lalacewar abinci, kowane mataki na tsarin samar da jakar maganin zafi mai zafi yana buƙatar a sa ido sosai kuma a kula da shi yadda ya kamata.
1. Ya kamata a yi jakunkunan girki masu jure zafi mai yawa da kayan da suka dace bisa ga abun ciki da tsarin samarwa. Misali, galibi ana zaɓar CPP a matsayin murfin ciki na jakunkunan girki masu jure zafi mai yawa; lokacin da ake amfani da jakunkunan marufi da ke ɗauke da layukan AL don haɗa abubuwan da ke cikin acid da alkaline, ya kamata a ƙara layin haɗin PA tsakanin AL da CPP don ƙara juriya ga acid da alkali mai jure zafi; kowane layin haɗin zafi ya kamata ya zama daidai ko kama don guje wa karkatarwa ko ma lalata kayan bayan dafa abinci saboda rashin daidaiton halayen rage zafi.
2. A kula da tsarin haɗakarwa yadda ya kamata. Jakunkunan gyaran fuska masu jure zafi sosai galibi suna amfani da hanyar haɗakarwa ta bushe. A cikin tsarin samar da fim ɗin gyaran fuska, ya zama dole a zaɓi tsarin manne mai dacewa da kuma kyakkyawan mannewa, sannan a kula da yanayin gyaran fuska yadda ya kamata don tabbatar da cewa babban sinadarin mannewa da kuma maganin gyaran fuska sun yi aiki yadda ya kamata.
3. Matsakaicin juriya ga manyan jakunkunan da ke da zafi sosai shine mafi tsanani a tsarin marufi na jakunkunan da ke da zafi sosai. Domin rage faruwar matsalolin ingancin rukuni, dole ne a gwada jakunkunan da ke da zafi sosai kuma a duba su bisa ga yanayin samarwa na ainihi kafin amfani da kuma lokacin samarwa. Duba ko bayyanar fakitin bayan dafa abinci ya yi lanƙwasa, ya yi kumbura, ya yi kumbura, ya lalace, ko akwai raguwar ko zubewa, ko raguwar halayen jiki (halayen tauri, ƙarfin barewa, ƙarfin rufe zafi) ya cika buƙatun, da sauransu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-18-2024
