TE TĀTARITANGA I TE HANGANGA HUA O NGĀ PĒKE RETORT

●Ka taea te tā i ngā tauira tino ataahua.

●He roa te wā e ora ai (6-12 marama) i te pāmahana rūma, ā, he ngāwari ki te hiri me te whakatuwhera.

●Kāore e hiahiatia he pouaka whakamātao, ka penapena i ngā utu pouaka whakamātao

●He pai mō te tākai i ngā momo kai maha, pērā i te mīti me te heihei, ngā hua wai, ngā hua me ngā huawhenua, ngā momo kai pata, me ngā hupa.

●Ka taea te whakamahana ngātahi me te takai kia kore ai e ngaro te reka, he mea tino pai mō ngā mahi mara, ngā haereere, me ngā kai hōia.

Te hanga putea tunu kai katoa, tae atu ki te momo ihirangi, te whakapumautanga kounga o te māramatanga whānui ki te hoahoa hanganga o te hua, te papa me te mangumangu, te kōwhiringa piripiri, te tukanga whakaputa, te whakamātautau hua, te whakahaere tukanga takai me te whakahoromata, me ētahi atu, nā te mea ko te hoahoa hanganga hua putea tunu kai te kaupapa matua, nō reira he tātaritanga whānui tēnei, ehara i te mea hei tātari noa i te whirihoranga papa o te hua, engari hei tātari anō hoki i te mahi o ngā hua hanganga rerekē, te whakamahinga, te Haumaru me te akuaku, te ōhanga me ētahi atu.

1. Te Pirau me te Whakahoromatatanga o te Kai
E noho ana te tangata i roto i ngā taiao moroiti, kei roto i te ao koiora katoa ngā moroiti maha, ā, i roto i te nui o ngā moroiti ka nui ake te whakaputa uri o te kai i tētahi rohe, ka pirau te kai, ka ngaro te pai mō te kai.

Ko ngā huakita noa e pirau ai te kai ko ngā pseudomonas, vibrio, e ātete ana ki te wera, ko ngā enterobacteria kua mate i te 60 ℃ ina werahia mō te 30 meneti, ko ētahi momo lactobacilli ka taea te tu atu ki te 65 ℃, 30 meneti o te wera. Ko ngā Bacillus te tikanga ka taea te tu atu ki te 95-100 ℃, ina werahia mō ētahi meneti, ko ētahi ka taea te tu atu ki te 120 ℃ i raro i te 20 meneti o te wera. Haunga ngā huakita, he maha hoki ngā harore kei roto i te kai, tae atu ki te Trichoderma, te rewena me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, ko te mārama, te hāora, te pāmahana, te makuku, te uara PH me ētahi atu ka taea te pirau i te kai, engari ko te mea matua ko ngā moroiti, nō reira, ko te whakamahinga o te tunu kai i te pāmahana teitei hei patu i ngā moroiti he tikanga nui mō te tiaki kai mō te wā roa.

Ka taea te wehewehe i te whakahoromata o ngā hua kai ki te 72 ℃ whakamātao, te whakahoromata kohua 100 ℃, te whakahoromata tunu kai pāmahana teitei 121 ℃, te whakahoromata tunu kai pāmahana teitei 135 ℃ me te whakahoromata inamata pāmahana tino teitei 145 ℃, ā, ka whakamahia e ētahi kaihanga te whakahoromata pāmahana kore-paerewa o te 110 ℃. E ai ki ngā hua rerekē hei whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga whakahoromata, ko ngā tikanga whakahoromata tino uaua ki te patu o te Clostridium botulinum e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 1.

Ripanga 1 Te wā mate o ngā pua Clostridium botulinum e pā ana ki te pāmahana

pāmahana ℃	100	105	110	115	120	125	130	135
Te wā o te mate (meneti)	330	100	32	10	4	ngā tau 80	30s	10s

2. Ngā Āhuatanga o te Rauemi Mata o te Pēke Kohua

Ko ngā putea tunu kai werawera teitei e haere mai ana me ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

He roa te mahi takai, he pumau te rokiroki, he ārai i te tipu o te huakita, he ātete ki te whakahoromata i te pāmahana tiketike, me ētahi atu.

He rauemi hiato tino pai tēnei e tika ana mō te takai kai inamata.

Whakamātautau hanganga noa PET/piripiri/pepa konumohe/piripiri piri/nailona/RCPP

Pēke whakahoki pāmahana teitei me te hanganga paparanga-toru PET/AL/RCPP

TOHUTOHU RAUEMI

(1) Kiriata PET
Kei te kiriata BOPET tētahi ongā kaha kume teitei rawao ngā kiriata kirihou katoa, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā hua tino angiangi he tino pakari, he tino mārō hoki.

He ātete tino pai ki te makariri me te wera.Ko te awhe pāmahana e tika ana mō te kiriata BOPET kei waenga i te 70℃-150℃, ka taea te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana tino pai i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui, ā, he pai hoki mō te nuinga o ngā takai hua.

He mahi ārai tino pai.He tino pai te mahi ārai wai me te hau, he rerekē ki te nairona e pāngia nuitia ana e te haumākū, he rite tōna ātete wai ki te PE, ā, he tino iti te tauwehenga uruhanga hau. He tino teitei tōna āhuatanga ārai ki te hau me te haunga, ā, ko tētahi o ngā rauemi hei pupuri i te kakara.

Ātete matū, ātete ki ngā hinu me ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, te nuinga o ngā whakarewa me ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore waimeha.

（2）KIRATA BOPA
He tino pakari ngā kiriata BOPA.Ko te kaha kume, te kaha haehae, te kaha pānga me te kaha pakaru ētahi o ngā mea pai rawa atu o ngā rauemi kirihou.

He tino ngāwari, he ātete ki ngā kōhao titi, kāore e ngāwari ki ngā ihirangi o te poka, he āhuatanga nui o te BOPA, he pai te ngāwari, engari he pai hoki te āhua o te takai.

He pai ngā āhuatanga ārai, he pai te pupuri kakara, he ātete ki ngā matū ehara i te waikawa kaha, he tino ātete ki te hinu.
He whānuitia ngā pāmahana whakahaere me te ira rewa o te 225°C, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā wā roa i waenga i te -60°C me te 130°C. Ka mau tonu ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te BOPA i ngā pāmahana iti me te pāmahana teitei.

He nui te pānga o te haumākū ki te mahi a te kiriata BOPA, ā, ka pāngia hoki te pumau o ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga ārai e te haumākū. I muri i te whakatōngia o te kiriata BOPA ki te makuku, me te miro, ka roa te roa. Ka whakapotohia te roa, ka tae ki te 1% te tere roa.

(3) Kiriata polypropylene CPP, he ātete pāmahana teitei, he pai te mahi hiri wera;
Ko te kiriata CPP he kiriata polypropylene maka, he kiriata tunu kai whānui CPP e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi mata copolypropylene matapōkere rua, ko te putea kiriata i hangaia ki te 121-125 ℃ te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei ka taea te tu atu ki te 30-60 meneti.
Ko te kiriata tunu kai CPP e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi mata poraka copolypropylene, he mea hanga mai i ngā putea kiriata ka taea te tu atu i te 135 ℃ te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei, 30 meneti.

Ko ngā whakaritenga mahi ēnei: ​​Me nui ake te pāmahana o te ira whakangawari o Vicat i te pāmahana tunu kai, me pai te ātete ki te pānga, me pai te ātete ki ngā pāpāho, me iti iho hoki te ira kanohi-ika me te ira karaihe.

Ka taea te tu atu i te 121 ℃ 0.15Mpa te tunu kai i te pēhanga, tata tonu te pupuri i te āhua o te kai, te reka, ā, kāore te kiriata e pakaru, e kiri, e piri rānei, he pai te pumau; he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he kiriata nairona, he kiriata polyester rānei, kei roto i ngā takai he momo hupa kai, me ngā mītiporo, ngā tāmi, te raihi, me ētahi atu kai tio tukatukahia.

(4) Pepa Konumohe
Ko te pepa konumohe anake te pepa whakarewa i roto i ngā rauemi takai ngāwari, he mea whakarewa te pepa konumohe, ā, he uaua ki te whakarite i ōna ārai wai, ārai hau, ārai mārama, me te pupuri reka, ko ētahi atu rauemi takai. Ko te pepa konumohe anake te pepa whakarewa i roto i ngā rauemi takai ngāwari. Ka taea te tu atu ki te 121 ℃ 0.15Mpa te tunu kai, kia kore ai e pakaru, e kiri, e piri rānei te āhua o te kai, te reka, me te kiriata, ā, he pai te pumau; he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia he kiriata nairona, he kiriata polyester rānei, kei roto i ngā takai he hupa kai, he mītiporo, he tāmi, he raihi me ētahi atu kai tio tukatuka.

（5）MANGU
Ko ngā pēke kōhua ​​e whakamahi ana i te waituhi polyurethane mō te tā, he iti ngā toenga whakarewa e hiahiatia ana, he kaha teitei o te hiato, kāore he tae i muri i te tunu kai, kāore he wehewehenga, he kita, pērā i te pāmahana tunu kai neke atu i te 121 ℃, me tāpiri he ōrau o te whakapakeke hei whakanui ake i te ātete pāmahana o te waituhi.

He mea tino nui te akuaku o te waituhi, ā, ko ngā konganuku taumaha pēnei i te cadmium, te mata, te mercury, te chromium, te arsenic me ētahi atu konganuku taumaha ka tū hei tūpono kino ki te taiao me te tinana tangata. Tuarua, ko te waituhi tonu te hanganga o te rauemi, he maha ngā hononga, ngā tae, ngā tae, me ngā momo tāpiringa pēnei i te tango huka, te antistatic, ngā plasticizer me ētahi atu tūponotanga haumaru. Kaua e whakaaetia kia tāpirihia he maha ngā tae konganuku taumaha, te glycol ether me ngā matū ester. Kei roto pea i ngā whakarewa te benzene, te formaldehyde, te methanol, te phenol, kei roto pea i ngā hononga te toluene diisocyanate kore utu, kei roto pea i ngā tae ngā PCB, ngā amine kakara me ētahi atu.

(6) Ngā piripiri
He mea hanga te pēke whakakoi korohū mā te whakamahi i te piri polyurethane e rua ngā wāhanga, e toru ngā momo matua: te polyol polyester, te polyol polyether, te polyol polyurethane. E rua ngā momo rongoā: te polyisocyanate kakara me te polyisocyanate aliphatic. Ko te piri korohū pai ake, ātete pāmahana teitei, he āhuatanga ēnei:

●He totoka teitei, he iti te matotoru, he pai te horapa.

●He pai te piri tuatahi, kāore e ngaro te kaha o te kiri i muri i te korohū, kāore e pokaia te hanga, kāore e miro i muri i te korohū.

●He haumaru te piripiri mō te akuaku, kāore he paitini, ā, kāore he kakara.

●He tere ake te tauhohenga, he poto ake te wā pakari (i roto i ngā hāora 48 mō ngā hua hiato kirihou-kirihou, me ngā hāora 72 mō ngā hua hiato konumohe-kirihou).

●He iti te rōrahi paninga, he kaha te piri, he kaha te hiri wera, he ātete pāmahana pai.

●He iti te matotoru o te waimehatanga, he nui te mahi totoka, ā, he pai te horapa.

●He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga, he pai mō ngā momo kiriata katoa.

●He ātete pai ki ngā ātete (wera, huka, waikawa, kawakore, tote, hinu, mea kakara, me ētahi atu).

Ka tīmata te akuaku o ngā piripiri mā te hanga i te amine kakara tuatahi PAA (amine kakara tuatahi), e ahu mai ana i te tauhohenga matū i waenga i ngā isocyanate kakara me te wai i roto i te tānga waituhi wāhanga-rua me ngā piripiri whakapiri. Ko te hanganga o te PAA ka ahu mai i ngā isocyanate kakara, engari ehara i te mea mai i ngā isocyanate aliphatic, ngā kiriaku, ngā piripiri e hangai ana ki te epoxy. Ko te noho mai o ngā matū iti-ngota kāore i oti, me ngā whakarewa toenga ka tūpono he tūpono haumaru. Ko te noho mai o ngā ngota iti-ngota kāore i oti me ngā whakarewa toenga ka tūpono he tūpono haumaru.

3. Te hanganga matua o te putea tunu kai
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki o te rauemi, ko ngā hanganga e whai ake nei e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā putea tunu kai.

E RUA ngā paparanga: PET/CPP, BOPA/CPP, GL-PET/CPP.

E TORU NGĀ PAPARANGA: PET/AL/CPP, BOPA/AL/CPP, PET/BOPA/CPP,
GL-PET/BOPA/CPP，PET/PVDC/CPP，PET/EVOH/CPP，BOPA/EVOH/CPP

NGĀ PAPA E WHĀ: PET/PA/AL/CPP, PET/AL/PA/CPP

Hanganga maha-papa.

Kiriata PET/EVOH honohono /CPP, Kiriata PET/PVDC honohono /CPP，Kiriata PA/PVDC honohono /CPP Kiriata PET/EVOH honohono, kiriata PA/PVDC honohono

4. Te tātari i ngā āhuatanga hanganga o te putea tunu kai
Ko te hanganga taketake o te pēke tunu kai he paparanga mata/paparanga waenga/paparanga hiri wera. Ko te paparanga mata he mea hanga i te PET me te BOPA, e mahi ana hei tautoko kaha, hei ātete wera me te tā pai. Ko te paparanga waenga he mea hanga i te Al, PVDC, EVOH, BOPA, e mahi ana hei ārai, hei ārai mārama, hei whakakotahi taha-rua, me ētahi atu. Ko te paparanga hiri wera he mea hanga i ngā momo CPP, EVOH, BOPA, me ētahi atu. Ko te paparanga hiri wera he momo CPP, PP me te PVDC, kiriata EVOH, 110 ℃ i raro i te tunu kai me whiriwhiri hoki i te kiriata LLDPE, ko te nuinga he mahi ki te hiri wera, te ātete poka, te ātete matū, engari he iti hoki te mimiti o te rauemi, he pai te akuaku.

4.1 PET/piri/PE
Ka taea te whakarerekē i tēnei hanganga ki te PA/piri/PE, ka taea te whakarerekē i te PE ki te HDPE, LLDPE, MPE, me ētahi atu kiriata HDPE motuhake, nā te ātete pāmahana o te PE, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā putea kua whakahoromatatia ki te 100 ~ 110 ℃ pea; ka taea te whiriwhiri i te piri mai i te piri polyurethane noa me te piri kohua, kāore e pai mō te takai mīti, he ngoikore te ārai, ka miro te putea i muri i te koromamao, ā, i ētahi wā ka piri te paparanga o roto o te kiriata tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te tikanga, he putea kohuatia noa iho tēnei hanganga, he putea kua whakahoromatatia rānei.

4.2 PET/piri/CPP
He hanganga pēke tunu kai mārama noa tēnei, ka taea te tākai i te nuinga o ngā kai tunu kai, ko tōna āhuatanga he ātaahua te kitea o te hua, ka taea te kite tika i ngā mea kei roto, engari kāore e taea te tākai me karo i te mārama o te hua. He uaua te pā atu ki te hua, he maha ngā wā me werohia ngā kokonga porowhita. Ko te tikanga, he 121 ℃ te whakahoromata o tēnei hanganga o te hua, ka taea te whakamahi i te kāpia tunu kai pāmahana teitei noa, te kāpia tunu kai paerewa noa, te kāpia tunu kai paerewa noa. Heoi, me whiriwhiri te kāpia i te tere whakaheke iti o te kounga, ki te kore ka heke te paparanga kāpia kia neke te waituhi, ka taea te wehewehe i muri i te korohū.

4.3 BOPA/piri/CPP
He putea tunu kai mārama noa tēnei mō te whakahoromata tunu kai 121 ℃, he mārama pai, he ngawari te pā, he ātete pai ki te poka. Kāore hoki e taea te whakamahi i te hua nā te mea me karo i te takai hua mama.

Nā te nui o te urunga makuku o te BOPA, he ngāwari te whakaputa i ngā hua tānga i roto i te korohū, inā koa te urunga o te waituhi whero ki te mata, he maha ngā wā me tāpiri he kaihoko whakaora hei ārai i te hanga waituhi. Hei tāpiri, nā te iti o te piri o te waituhi i roto i te BOPA, he ngāwari hoki te whakaputa i te āhuatanga ārai-piri, inā koa i roto i te taiao haumākū teitei. Me hiritia, me tākaihia hoki ngā hua haurua-oti me ngā putea kua oti.

4.4 KPET/CPP、KBOPA/CPP
Kāore i te whakamahia whānuitia tēnei hanganga, he pai te mārama o te hua, he teitei hoki ōna āhuatanga ārai, engari ka taea anake te whakamahi mō te whakahoromata i raro i te 115 ℃, he paku kino ake te ātete ki te pāmahana, ā, kei te ruaruahia tōna hauora me tōna haumaru.

4.5 PET/BOPA/CPP
He kaha te hanganga o tēnei hua, he mārama te āhua, he ātete pai ki te poka, nā te PET, he nui te rerekētanga o te tere whakahekenga BOPA, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te takai hua i raro i te 121 ℃.

He waikawa, he kawakore rānei ngā ihirangi o te kete ina whiriwhiria tēnei hanganga hua, kaua ki te whakamahi i te hanganga kei roto konumohe.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te paparanga o waho o te kāpia hei tīpako i te kāpia kua kohuatia, ka taea te whakaiti i te utu.

4.6 PET/Al/CPP
Koinei te hanganga putea tunu kai kore-mārama tino noa, e ai ki ngā momo waituhi, kāpia, CPP, ka taea te whakamahi i te pāmahana tunu kai mai i te 121 ~ 135 ℃ i roto i tēnei hanganga.

Ka taea e te hanganga PET/waituhi kotahi-wāhanga/piripiri pāmahana-teitei/Al7µm/piripiri pāmahana-teitei/CPP60µm te eke ki ngā whakaritenga tunu kai 121℃.

PET/Waituhi wāhanga-rua/Pīpiri pāmahana-teitei/Al9µm/Pīpiri pāmahana-teitei/Pīpiri pāmahana-teitei Ka taea e te hanganga CPP70µm te teitei ake i te pāmahana tunu 121℃, ā, ka nui ake te āhuatanga ārai, ka roa ake te ora o te papa, ka taea te neke atu i te kotahi tau.

4.7 BOPA/Al/CPP
He rite tonu tēnei hanganga ki te hanganga 4.6 o runga ake nei, engari nā te nui o te mimiti wai me te whakaiti o te BOPA, kāore e pai mō te tunu i te pāmahana teitei i runga ake i te 121 ℃, engari he pai ake te ātete ki te poka, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tunu 121 ℃.

4.8 PET/PVDC/CPP、BOPA/PVDC/CPP
He tino pai te hanganga o tēnei arai hua, he pai mō te whakahoromata tunu i te 121 ℃ me te pāmahana e whai ake nei, ā, he nui ngā whakaritenga arai mō te hāora o te hua.

Ka taea te whakakapi i te PVDC i roto i te hanganga o runga ake nei e te EVOH, he nui hoki tōna āhuatanga ārai, engari ka heke te āhuatanga ārai ina whakahoromatahia i te pāmahana teitei, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te BOPA hei paparanga mata, ki te kore ka heke tere te āhuatanga ārai i te pikinga o te pāmahana.

4.9 PET/Al/BOPA/CPP
He pēke tunu kai tino pai tēnei e taea ai te tākai i ngā hua tunu kai katoa, ā, ka taea hoki te tu atu i te pāmahana tunu kai mai i te 121 ki te 135 nekehanga Celsius.