BINCIKEN TSARI NA KAYAYYAKIN JAKA NA RETORT

●Za a iya buga kyawawan alamu.

●Yana da tsawon rai (watanni 6-12) a zafin ɗaki kuma yana da sauƙin rufewa da buɗewa.

●Ba a buƙatar sanyaya ba, yana rage farashin sanyaya

●Ya dace da shirya nau'ikan abinci iri-iri, kamar nama da kaji, kayayyakin ruwa, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu, nau'ikan abincin hatsi, da miya.

●Ana iya dumama shi tare da kunshin don hana ɗanɗanon ya ɓace, musamman ma ya dace da aikin gona, tafiye-tafiye, da abincin sojoji.

Cikakken samar da jakar girki, gami da nau'in abun ciki, tabbatar da inganci na fahimtar cikakken tsarin samfurin, substrate da tawada, zaɓin manne, tsarin samarwa, gwajin samfura, marufi da sarrafa tsarin tsaftacewa, da sauransu, saboda ƙirar tsarin samfurin jakar girki shine ainihin, don haka wannan bincike ne mai faɗi, ba wai kawai don nazarin tsarin substrate na samfurin ba, da kuma ƙara nazarin aikin samfuran tsari daban-daban, amfani, Tsaro da tsafta, tattalin arziki da sauransu.

1. Lalacewar Abinci da kuma Tsaftacewa
Mutane suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin ƙwayoyin cuta, dukkan halittun duniya suna wanzuwa a cikin ƙananan halittu marasa adadi, abinci yana cikin ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da wani takamaiman iyaka, abincin zai lalace kuma ya rasa abincin da za a iya ci.

Sanadin lalacewar abinci na ƙwayoyin cuta sune pseudomonas, vibrio, duka masu jure zafi, enterobacteria a zafin 60 ℃ dumama na minti 30 sun mutu, lactobacilli wasu nau'ikan na iya jure zafi na 65 ℃, mintuna 30 na dumama. Bacillus gabaɗaya yana iya jure zafi na 95-100 ℃, yana dumama na mintuna da yawa, kaɗan na iya jure zafi na 120 ℃ ƙasa da mintuna 20 na dumama. Baya ga ƙwayoyin cuta, akwai kuma adadi mai yawa na fungi a cikin abinci, gami da Trichoderma, yisti da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, haske, iskar oxygen, zafin jiki, danshi, ƙimar PH da sauransu na iya haifar da lalacewar abinci, amma babban abin da ke haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta shine ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, saboda haka, amfani da girki mai zafi don kashe ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta adana abinci na dogon lokaci.

Za a iya raba maganin hana haihuwa zuwa 72 ℃ pasteurization, tafasa 100 ℃ sterilization, tafasa 121 ℃ therilization, tafasa girki mai zafi 135 ℃ therilization da kuma tafasa 145 ℃ therilization nan take, haka kuma wasu masana'antun suna amfani da maganin hana haihuwa na zafin jiki wanda ba na yau da kullun ba na kimanin 110 ℃. Dangane da samfuran daban-daban don zaɓar yanayin hana haihuwa, mafi wahalar kashe yanayin hana haihuwa na Clostridium botulinum an nuna shi a cikin Tebur 1.

Tebur 1 Lokacin mutuwar ƙwayoyin cuta na Clostridium botulinum dangane da zafin jiki

zafin jiki℃	100	105	110	115	120	125	130	135
Lokacin mutuwa (minti)	330	100	32	10	4	shekarun 80	30s	10s

2. Jakar Tururi Halayen Kayan Danye

Jakunkunan girki masu zafi da zafi suna da waɗannan halaye:

Aikin marufi mai ɗorewa, ajiyar ajiya mai ɗorewa, hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, juriya ga hana ƙwaya a yanayin zafi mai yawa, da sauransu.

Kayan haɗin abinci ne mai kyau wanda ya dace da marufin abinci nan take.

Gwajin tsari na yau da kullun na PET/manne/foil na aluminum/manne mai manne/nailan/RCPP

Jakar sake yin amfani da zafin jiki mai zafi mai tsari uku PET/AL/RCPP

UMARNIN KAYAN AIKI

(1) Fim ɗin Pet
Fim ɗin BOPET yana ɗaya daga cikinmafi girman ƙarfin tensilena dukkan fina-finan filastik, kuma yana iya biyan buƙatun samfuran siriri sosai tare da babban tauri da tauri.

Kyakkyawan juriya ga sanyi da zafi.Zafin da ya dace na fim ɗin BOPET yana daga 70℃ -150℃, wanda zai iya kiyaye kyawawan halaye na zahiri a cikin kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi kuma ya dace da yawancin marufi na samfurin.

Kyakkyawan aikin shinge.Yana da kyakkyawan aiki mai kyau na hana ruwa da iska, ba kamar nailan ba wanda danshi ke shafarsa sosai, juriyar ruwa tana kama da PE, kuma yawan shigar iska a cikinta ƙanƙanta ne. Yana da kariyar kariya daga iska da ƙamshi, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan da ake amfani da su wajen kiyaye ƙamshi.

Juriyar sinadarai, mai jure wa mai da mai, yawancin sinadarai masu narkewa da kuma rage acid da alkalis.

(2) FIM BOPA
Fina-finan BOPA suna da matuƙar ƙarfi.Ƙarfin tauri, ƙarfin tsagewa, ƙarfin tasiri da ƙarfin fashewa suna daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan filastik.

Kyakkyawan sassauci, juriya ga ramin rami, ba abu ne mai sauƙi ga abubuwan da ke cikin huda ba, babban fasali ne na BOPA, sassauci mai kyau, amma kuma yana sa marufin ya ji daɗi.

Kyakkyawan ƙa'idodin shinge, riƙe ƙamshi mai kyau, juriya ga sinadarai banda acid mai ƙarfi, musamman ma kyakkyawan juriya ga mai.
Tare da yanayin zafi mai yawa da kuma wurin narkewa na 225°C, ana iya amfani da shi na dogon lokaci tsakanin -60°C da 130°C. Ana kiyaye halayen injina na BOPA a yanayin zafi mai ƙanƙanta da kuma mai girma.

Aikin fim ɗin BOPA yana da matuƙar tasiri ga danshi, kuma yanayin daidaiton girma da halayen shinge suna shafar danshi. Bayan an sanya fim ɗin BOPA cikin danshi, ban da ƙurajewa, gabaɗaya zai tsawaita a kwance. Rage tsayi, ƙimar tsawaitawa har zuwa 1%.

(3) Fim ɗin polypropylene na fim ɗin CPP, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, kyakkyawan aikin rufe zafi;
Fim ɗin CPP wanda aka yi da polypropylene, fim ɗin dafa abinci na CPP gabaɗaya ta amfani da kayan albarkatun ƙasa na binary bazuwar copolypropylene, jakar fim ɗin da aka yi da zafin jiki mai zafi na 121-125 ℃ na iya jure mintuna 30-60.
Fim ɗin dafa abinci mai zafi na CPP ta amfani da kayan albarkatun ƙasa na toshe copolypropylene, wanda aka yi da jakunkunan fim zai iya jure wa ƙwanƙwasa zafin jiki mai zafi na 135 ℃, na minti 30.

Bukatun aiki sune: Ya kamata zafin wurin laushi na Vicat ya fi zafin girki girma, juriyar tasiri ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau, juriya mai kyau ga kafofin watsa labarai, idon kifi da kuma alamar lu'ulu'u ya kamata su kasance kaɗan gwargwadon iko.

Zai iya jure wa girkin da aka yi da matsin lamba na 121 ℃ 0.15Mpa, kusan yana kiyaye siffar abinci, dandano, kuma fim ɗin ba zai fashe, bare, ko mannewa ba, yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali; sau da yawa tare da fim ɗin nailan ko haɗin fim ɗin polyester, marufi wanda ke ɗauke da nau'in abincin miya, da kuma nama, dumplings, shinkafa, da sauran abincin da aka sarrafa.

(4) Faifan Aluminum
Aluminum foil shine kawai foil ɗin ƙarfe a cikin kayan marufi masu sassauƙa, aluminum foil abu ne na ƙarfe, toshewar ruwa, toshewar iskar gas, toshewar haske, riƙe ɗanɗano wani abu ne da ke da wahalar kwatantawa. Aluminum foil shine kawai foil ɗin ƙarfe a cikin kayan marufi masu sassauƙa. Zai iya jure wa 121 ℃ 0.15Mpa na girki mai matsin lamba, don tabbatar da cewa siffar abinci, ɗanɗano, da fim ɗin ba zai fashe, bare, ko mannewa ba, yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali; sau da yawa tare da fim ɗin nailan ko haɗin fim ɗin polyester, marufi yana ɗauke da abincin miya, da nama, dumplings, shinkafa da sauran abincin da aka sarrafa.

(5) TAWAN
Jakunkunan tururi masu amfani da tawada mai tushen polyurethane don bugawa, buƙatun ƙarancin sauran abubuwan narkewa, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa mai yawa, babu canza launi bayan dafa abinci, babu ɓarna, wrinkles, kamar zafin girki ya wuce 121 ℃, ya kamata a ƙara wani kaso na taurare don ƙara juriyar zafin tawada.

Tsaftar tawada tana da matuƙar muhimmanci, ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar cadmium, gubar, mercury, chromium, arsenic da sauran ƙarfe masu nauyi na iya haifar da babban haɗari ga muhallin halitta da kuma jikin ɗan adam. Na biyu, tawada da kanta ita ce abun da ke cikin kayan, tawada iri-iri, launuka, dyes, ƙarin abubuwa iri-iri, kamar defoaming, antistatic, plasticizers da sauran haɗarin tsaro. Bai kamata a bar ta ƙara nau'ikan launuka iri-iri na ƙarfe masu nauyi, glycol ether da mahaɗan ester ba. Abubuwan da ke narkewa na iya ƙunsar benzene, formaldehyde, methanol, phenol, mahaɗan haɗin na iya ƙunsar toluene diisocyanate kyauta, pigments na iya ƙunsar PCBs, aromatic amines da sauransu.

(6) Manne
Tsarin jakar tururi mai amfani da manne mai sassa biyu, babban maganin yana da nau'ikan uku: polyester polyol, polyether polyol, polyurethane polyol. Akwai nau'ikan maganin warkarwa guda biyu: aromatic polyisocyanate da aliphatic polyisocyanate. Mafi kyawun manne mai tururi mai jure zafi mai zafi yana da halaye masu zuwa:

●Mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin ɗanko, da kuma sauƙin yaɗuwa.

●Mannewa mai kyau na farko, babu asarar ƙarfin barewa bayan tururi, babu rami a samarwa, babu ƙuraje bayan tururi.

●Mannen yana da aminci ga tsafta, ba ya da guba kuma ba shi da wari.

●Saurin amsawa da sauri da kuma ɗan gajeren lokacin balaga (cikin awanni 48 ga samfuran haɗakar filastik da filastik da kuma awanni 72 ga samfuran haɗakar aluminum da filastik).

●Ƙarancin girman shafi, ƙarfin haɗin kai mai yawa, ƙarfin rufe zafi mai yawa, juriya ga zafin jiki mai kyau.

●Ƙarancin ɗanko na narkewa, yana iya zama aiki mai ƙarfi, kuma yana iya yaduwa sosai.

●Yawancin aikace-aikacen, ya dace da nau'ikan fina-finai daban-daban.

●Kyakkyawan juriya ga (zafi, sanyi, acid, alkali, gishiri, mai, yaji, da sauransu).

Tsaftar mannewa tana farawa ne da samar da babban sinadarin amine mai ƙanshi PAA (babban sinadarin amine mai ƙanshi), wanda ya samo asali ne daga sinadaran da ke tsakanin isocyanates mai ƙanshi da ruwa wajen buga tawada mai sassa biyu da manne mai laminating. Samuwar PAA ta samo asali ne daga isocyanates mai ƙanshi, amma ba daga isocyanates mai ƙanshi, acrylics, ko manne mai tushen epoxy ba. Kasancewar abubuwan da ba a gama ba, marasa ƙwayoyin halitta da sauran abubuwan da ke narkewa na iya haifar da haɗarin aminci. Kasancewar ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta da sauran abubuwan da ke narkewa na iya haifar da haɗarin aminci.

3. Babban tsarin jakar girki
Dangane da yanayin tattalin arziki da na zahiri da na sinadarai na kayan, ana amfani da waɗannan tsare-tsare don jakunkunan girki.

Matakai biyu: PET/CPP, BOPA/CPP, GL-PET/CPP.

LAYUKA UKU: PET/AL/CPP, BOPA/AL/CPP, PET/BOPA/CPP,
GL-PET/BOPA/CPP,PET/PVDC/CPP,PET/EVOH/CPP,BOPA/EVOH/CPP

LAYUKA HUDU: PET/PA/AL/CPP, PET/AL/PA/CPP

Tsarin hawa da yawa.

Fim ɗin PET/ EVOH mai haɗakarwa /CPP, Fim ɗin PET/PVDC mai haɗakarwa /CPP, Fim ɗin PA/PVDC mai haɗakarwa /CPP PET/EVOH mai haɗakarwa, Fim ɗin PA/PVDC mai haɗakarwa

4. Binciken halayen tsarin jakar girki
Tsarin jakar girki ya ƙunshi layin saman/tsaka-tsaki/layin rufe zafi. Layin saman gabaɗaya an yi shi ne da PET da BOPA, wanda ke taka rawar tallafawa ƙarfi, juriyar zafi da bugawa mai kyau. Layin tsakiyar an yi shi ne da Al, PVDC, EVOH, BOPA, wanda galibi ke taka rawar shinge, kariya daga haske, haɗakar gefe biyu, da sauransu. Layin rufe zafi an yi shi ne da nau'ikan CPP, EVOH, BOPA, da sauransu. Zaɓin layin rufe zafi na nau'ikan CPP daban-daban, PP da PVDC da aka haɗa, fim ɗin EVOH da aka haɗa, 110 ℃ ƙasa da girki suma dole ne su zaɓi fim ɗin LLDPE, galibi don taka rawa a cikin rufe zafi, juriya ga huda, juriya ga sinadarai, amma kuma ƙarancin sha na kayan, tsafta yana da kyau.

4.1 PET/manne/PE
Ana iya canza wannan tsari zuwa PA / manne / PE, ana iya canza PE zuwa HDPE, LLDPE, MPE, ban da ƙaramin adadin fim ɗin HDPE na musamman, saboda juriyar zafin jiki daga PE, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi na tsawon 100 ~ 110 ℃ ko makamancin haka; ana iya zaɓar manne daga manne na polyurethane na yau da kullun da manne mai tafasa, bai dace da marufi na nama ba, shingen ba shi da kyau, jakar za ta yi kumbura bayan tururi, kuma wani lokacin manne na ciki na fim ɗin yana manne da juna. Ainihin, wannan tsari jaka ce kawai da aka dafa ko jakar da aka yi wa pasteurized.

4.2 PET/manne/CPP
Wannan tsari tsari ne na jakar girki mai haske, ana iya shirya shi da yawancin kayayyakin girki, wanda ke da alaƙa da ganin samfurin, za ku iya ganin abubuwan da ke ciki kai tsaye, amma ba za a iya shirya shi ba don guje wa hasken samfurin. Samfurin yana da wuya a taɓa shi, sau da yawa yana buƙatar matse kusurwoyi masu zagaye. Wannan tsarin samfurin gabaɗaya yana da 121 ℃ na tsaftacewa, manne na dafa abinci na yau da kullun mai zafi, CPP na dafa abinci na yau da kullun na iya zama. Koyaya, manne ya kamata ya zaɓi ƙaramin ƙimar raguwa na matakin, in ba haka ba mannewar Layer ɗin manne don motsa tawada don motsawa, akwai yuwuwar wargajewa bayan tururi.

4.3 BOPA/manne/CPP
Wannan jaka ce ta girki mai haske wacce aka saba amfani da ita don tsaftace girki a zafin digiri 121 na Celsius, bayyananniyar haske, taɓawa mai laushi, da juriyar hudawa mai kyau. Hakanan ba za a iya amfani da samfurin don buƙatar guje wa marufi mai sauƙi ba.

Saboda yawan shigar da danshi a cikin BOPA, akwai samfuran da aka buga a cikin tururi mai sauƙin samar da yanayin shigar da launi, musamman jerin jan tawada a saman, samar da tawada sau da yawa yana buƙatar ƙara maganin warkarwa don hana shi. Bugu da ƙari, saboda tawada a cikin BOPA lokacin da mannewa ya yi ƙasa, amma kuma yana da sauƙin samar da yanayin hana mannewa, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa. Dole ne a rufe samfuran da aka gama da jakunkunan da aka gama a cikin sarrafawa kuma a naɗe su.

4.4 KPET/CPP, KBOPA/CPP
Ba a cika amfani da wannan tsari ba, bayyanannen samfurin yana da kyau, tare da manyan halayen shinge, amma ana iya amfani da shi ne kawai don tsaftacewa a ƙasa da 115 ℃, juriyar zafin jiki ya ɗan yi muni, kuma akwai shakku game da lafiyarsa da amincinsa.

4.5 PET/BOPA/CPP
Wannan tsarin samfurin yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, bayyananne mai kyau, juriya mai kyau, saboda PET, bambancin ƙimar raguwar BOPA yana da girma, gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi na 121 ℃ kuma ƙasa da marufin samfurin.

Abubuwan da ke cikin kunshin sun fi acidic ko alkaline lokacin da aka zaɓi wannan tsarin samfuran, maimakon amfani da tsarin da ke ɗauke da aluminum.

Ana iya amfani da saman manne na waje don zaɓar manne da aka tafasa, farashin zai iya raguwa yadda ya kamata.

4.6 PET/Al/CPP
Wannan shine tsarin jakar girki mafi yawanci wanda ba shi da ma'ana, bisa ga tawada daban-daban, manne, CPP, ana iya amfani da zafin dafa abinci daga 121 ~ 135 ℃ a cikin wannan tsarin.

Tawada ta PET/sashi ɗaya/manne mai zafin jiki mai yawa/manne mai zafin jiki mai yawa/tsarin manne mai zafi mai yawa na Al7µm/tsarin CPP60µm zai iya kaiwa ga buƙatun dafa abinci na 121℃.

Tawada ta PET/Sashe Biyu/Manne mai zafin jiki mai yawa/Al9µm/Manne mai zafin jiki mai yawa/ Tsarin zafin jiki mai yawa CPP70µm na iya zama sama da zafin girki na 121℃, kuma an ƙara girman katangar, kuma tsawon lokacin shiryayye zai iya kaiwa sama da shekara ɗaya.

4.7 BOPA/Al/CPP
Wannan tsari yayi kama da tsarin 4.6 da ke sama, amma saboda yawan shan ruwa da raguwar BOPA, bai dace da girki mai zafi sama da 121 ℃ ba, amma juriyar hudawa ta fi kyau, kuma tana iya biyan buƙatun girki na 121 ℃.

4.8 PET/PVDC/CPP, BOPA/PVDC/CPP
Wannan tsarin shingen samfurin yana da kyau sosai, ya dace da zafin jiki na 121 ℃ da kuma zafin jiki mai zuwa na girki, kuma iskar oxygen tana da babban buƙatun shinge na samfurin.

Ana iya maye gurbin PVDC da ke cikin tsarin da ke sama da EVOH, wanda shi ma yana da babban kariyar shinge, amma kadarar shingensa tana raguwa a bayyane lokacin da aka tsaftace shi a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma ba za a iya amfani da BOPA a matsayin saman saman ba, in ba haka ba kadarar shingen tana raguwa sosai tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki.

4.9 PET/Al/BOPA/CPP
Wannan wani babban tsari ne na jakunkunan girki wanda zai iya ƙunsar kusan kowace kayan girki kuma yana iya jure zafin girki a digiri 121 zuwa 135 na Celsius.