UKUHLAZIYWA KWESAKHIWO SOMKHIQIZO WEZIKHWAMA EZIPHENDULAYO

●Ungaphrinta amaphethini amahle kakhulu.

●Ihlala isikhathi eside eshalofini (izinyanga ezingu-6-12) ekushiseni kwegumbi futhi kulula ukuyivala nokuyivula.

●Akudingeki ukuqandisa, okusindisa izindleko zokuqandisa

●Ifanele ukupakisha izinhlobo eziningi zokudla, njengenyama nenkukhu, imikhiqizo yasemanzini, izithelo nemifino, ukudla okuhlukahlukene okusanhlamvu, kanye nesobho.

●Ingafudunyezwa kanye nephakeji ukuvimbela ukunambitheka ukuthi kungalahleki, ikakhulukazi okufanelekela umsebenzi wasensimini, ukuhamba, kanye nokudla kwezempi.

Ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwezikhwama zokupheka, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lokuqukethwe, isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi sokuqonda okuphelele komklamo wesakhiwo somkhiqizo, i-substrate kanye ne-inki, ukukhethwa kwe-glue, inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokupakisha kanye nokubulala amagciwane, njll., ngenxa yokuthi umklamo wesakhiwo somkhiqizo wesikhwama sokupheka uyisisekelo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuwukuhlaziywa okubanzi, hhayi nje ukuhlaziya ukucushwa kwe-substrate yomkhiqizo, kanye nokuhlaziya kabanzi ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ehlukene yesakhiwo, ukusetshenziswa, Ukuphepha kanye nokuhlanzeka, ukonga njalo njalo.

1. Ukonakala Kokudla Nokuhlanza Inzalo
Abantu bahlala endaweni ezungezile amagciwane, yonke indawo yomhlaba ikhona kumagciwane angenakubalwa, ukudla ekuzaleni kwamagciwane okungaphezu komkhawulo othile, ukudla kuzokonakala futhi kulahlekelwe ukudleka.

Imbangela yokubola kokudla kwamagciwane avamile yi-pseudomonas, i-vibrio, zombili ezingamelani nokushisa, ama-enterobacteria ku-60 ℃ ukushisa imizuzu engama-30 afile, i-lactobacilli ezinye izinhlobo zingamelana no-65 ℃, imizuzu engama-30 yokushisa. I-Bacillus ngokuvamile ingamelana no-95-100 ℃, ifudumala imizuzu eminingana, ezimbalwa zingamelana no-120 ℃ ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-20 yokushisa. Ngaphezu kwamagciwane, kukhona nenani elikhulu lama-fungus ekudleni, okuhlanganisa i-Trichoderma, imvubelo nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya, umoya-mpilo, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, inani le-PH nokunye kungabangela ukubola kokudla, kodwa isici esiyinhloko yizinto ezincane, ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kokupheka okushisayo ukubulala izinto ezincane kuyindlela ebalulekile yokugcina ukudla isikhathi eside.

Ukuhlanza imikhiqizo yokudla kungahlukaniswa kube yi-72 ℃ pasteurization, i-100 ℃ abilayo i-sterilization, i-121 ℃ ukuhlanza ukupheka okushisayo okuphezulu, i-135 ℃ ukuhlanza ukupheka okushisayo okuphezulu kanye ne-145 ℃ ukuhlanza okusheshayo okusheshayo, kanye nabanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukuhlanza okushisa okungavamile okungama-110 ℃. Ngokusho kwemikhiqizo ehlukene yokukhetha izimo zokuhlanza, izimo zokuhlanza okunzima kakhulu ukubulala izimo zokuhlanza ze-Clostridium botulinum ziboniswe kuThebula 1.

Ithebula 1 Isikhathi sokufa kwama-spores e-Clostridium botulinum maqondana nokushisa

izinga lokushisa℃	100	105	110	115	120	125	130	135
Isikhathi sokufa (imizuzu)	330	100	32	10	4	Ama-80s	30s	10s

2. Izici Zokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe Zesikhwama Somusi

Izikhwama zesikhwama zokupheka ezishisayo eziphezulu ezinezici ezilandelayo:

Umsebenzi wokupakisha ohlala isikhathi eside, isitoreji esizinzile, ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane, ukumelana nokubulala amagciwane okushisa okuphezulu, njll.

Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ehlanganisiwe efanelekela ukupakishwa kokudla okusheshayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwesakhiwo okujwayelekile kwe-PET/ingcina/ifoyili ye-aluminium/ingcina/inayiloni/i-RCPP

Isikhwama sokushintshashintsha esinokushisa okuphezulu esinesakhiwo esinezingqimba ezintathu se-PET/AL/RCPP

IZIYALELO ZEZINTO

(1) ifilimu ye-PET
Ifilimu ye-BOPET inenye yeamandla aphezulu kakhulu okudonsayawo wonke amafilimu epulasitiki, futhi angahlangabezana nezidingo zemikhiqizo emincane kakhulu enokuqina okuphezulu nobunzima.

Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokubanda nokushisa.Ububanzi bokushisa obusebenzayo befilimu ye-BOPET busukela ku-70℃-150℃, obungagcina izakhiwo zomzimba ezinhle kakhulu ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi futhi bufanelekela iningi lokupakisha komkhiqizo.

Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwesithiyo.Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni amanzi nomoya, ngokungafani ne-nylon ethinteka kakhulu umswakama, ukumelana kwayo namanzi kufana ne-PE, futhi i-coefficient yayo yokungena komoya incane kakhulu. Inamandla amakhulu okuvimbela umoya nephunga, futhi ingenye yezinto zokugcina iphunga.

Ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana namafutha namafutha, izinyibilikisi eziningi kanye nama-asidi nama-alkali ancibilikisiwe.

（2）I-BOPA FILM
Amafilimu e-BOPA anokuqina okuhle kakhulu.Amandla okudonseka, amandla okudabuka, amandla okushayisana kanye namandla okuqhekeka kuphakathi kwezinto zepulasitiki ezinhle kakhulu.

Ukuguquguquka okuvelele, ukumelana nemigodi, akulula ngokuqukethwe kokubhoboza, kuyisici esiyinhloko se-BOPA, ukuguquguquka okuhle, kodwa futhi kwenza ukupakishwa kuzwakale kahle.

Izakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela, ukugcinwa okuhle kwephunga, ukumelana namakhemikhali ngaphandle kwama-asidi aqinile, ikakhulukazi ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwamafutha.
Njengoba inobubanzi obukhulu bokushisa okusebenzayo kanye nephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-225°C, ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside phakathi kuka--60°C no-130°C. Izakhiwo ze-BOPA zigcinwa kokubili emazingeni okushisa aphansi naphezulu.

Ukusebenza kwefilimu ye-BOPA kuthinteka kakhulu umswakama, futhi kokubili ukuzinza kobukhulu kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimbela kuthinteka umswakama. Ngemva kokuba ifilimu ye-BOPA isesimweni somswakama, ngaphezu kokushwabana, ngokuvamile izonwebeka ngokuvundlile. Ukunciphisa ubude, izinga lobude elifika ku-1%.

(3) ifilimu ye-CPP ye-polypropylene, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokuvala ukushisa;
Ifilimu ye-CPP eyenziwe ngefilimu ye-polypropylene ephonswe ngensimbi, ifilimu yokupheka ejwayelekile ye-CPP esebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-copolypropylene ezingahleliwe, isikhwama sefilimu esenziwe ngo-121-125 ℃ sokuhlanza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu singamelana nemizuzu engama-30-60.
Ifilimu yokupheka ye-CPP eshisa kakhulu esebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-block copolypropylene, eyenziwe ngezikhwama zefilimu ingamelana nokuhlanza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu okungu-135 ℃, imizuzu engama-30.

Izidingo zokusebenza yilezi: Izinga lokushisa lephuzu lokuthambisa le-Vicat kufanele libe likhulu kunezinga lokushisa lokupheka, ukumelana nomthelela kufanele kube kuhle, ukumelana okuhle kwemidiya, iphuzu le-fish-eye kanye nephuzu le-crystal kufanele libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ingamelana nokupheka ngengcindezi engu-121 ℃ engu-0.15Mpa, igcina cishe isimo sokudla, ukunambitheka, futhi ifilimu ngeke iqhekeke, ihlubule, noma inamathele, izinzile kahle; ivame ukuba nefilimu ye-nylon noma i-polyester, ukupakishwa okuqukethe uhlobo lokudla lwesobho, kanye nama-meatball, ama-dumplings, ilayisi, nokunye ukudla okuqandisiwe okucutshunguliwe.

(4) I-Aluminium Foil
I-foil ye-aluminium iyona kuphela i-foil yensimbi ezintweni zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo, i-foil ye-aluminium iyinto yensimbi, ukuvimba kwayo amanzi, ukuvimba igesi, ukuvimba ukukhanya, ukugcinwa kwe-flavour yinoma iyiphi enye into yephakheji kunzima ukuqhathanisa. I-foil ye-aluminium iyona kuphela i-foil yensimbi ezintweni zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo. Ingamelana nokupheka okucindezelwe okungu-121 ℃ 0.15Mpa, ukuqinisekisa ukuma kokudla, ukunambitheka, kanye nefilimu ngeke iqhekeke, ihlubule, noma inamathele, inokuqina okuhle; ngokuvamile ngefilimu ye-nylon noma i-polyester ehlanganisiwe, ukupakisha okuqukethe ukudla kwesobho, nama-meatball, ama-dumpling, ilayisi nokunye ukudla okuqandisiwe okucutshunguliwe.

（INK 5）
Izikhwama zomshini wokushisa ezisebenzisa uyinki osuselwe ku-polyurethane ukuze ziphrinte, izidingo zezinyibilikisi ezisele eziphansi, amandla aphezulu ahlanganisiwe, akukho kushintsha kombala ngemva kokupheka, akukho kususwa kwe-debutting, imibimbi, njengokushisa kokupheka okungaphezu kuka-121 ℃, iphesenti elithile le-hardener kufanele lifakwe ukuze kwandiswe ukumelana nokushisa kweyinki.

Ukuhlanzeka kwe-inki kubaluleke kakhulu, izinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-cadmium, i-lead, i-mercury, i-chromium, i-arsenic nezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo kungaba yingozi enkulu endaweni yemvelo nasemzimbeni womuntu. Okwesibili, i-inki ngokwayo iyinhlanganisela yezinto zokwakha, i-inki inezixhumanisi ezahlukahlukene, imibala, amadayi, izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, njengokususa i-foaming, i-antistatic, ama-plasticizer kanye nezinye izingozi zokuphepha. Akufanele kuvunyelwe ukwengeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibala yensimbi esindayo, i-glycol ether kanye nama-ester compounds. Izinyibilikisi zingaqukatha i-benzene, i-formaldehyde, i-methanol, i-phenol, ama-linkers angaqukatha i-toluene diisocyanate yamahhala, imibala ingaqukatha ama-PCB, ama-aromatic amines njalo njalo.

(6) Izinto zokunamathisela
I-Steamer Retorting bag composite isebenzisa ingcina ye-polyurethane enezingxenye ezimbili, i-ejenti eyinhloko inezinhlobo ezintathu: i-polyester polyol, i-polyether polyol, i-polyurethane polyol. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-ejenti okwelapha: i-aromatic polyisocyanate kanye ne-aliphatic polyisocyanate. Ingcina engcono kakhulu yokushisa okuphezulu evikela ukushisa inezici ezilandelayo:

●Izinto eziqinile eziphakeme, ukujiya okuphansi, ukusabalala okuhle.

●Ukunamathela okuhle kokuqala, akukho ukulahlekelwa amandla okuqhekeka ngemva kokusebenzisa umusi, akukho ukugoba ekukhiqizeni, akukho ukushwabana ngemva kokusebenzisa umusi.

●Ingcina iphephile ngokwenhlanzeko, ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinaphunga.

●Isivinini sokusabela esisheshayo kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa (ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-48 emikhiqizweni ehlanganisiwe yepulasitiki-plastiki kanye namahora angu-72 emikhiqizweni ehlanganisiwe ye-aluminium-plastic).

●Umthamo ophansi wokumboza, amandla aphezulu okubopha, amandla aphezulu okuvala ukushisa, ukumelana okuhle nokushisa.

●Ukuqina okuphansi kokuncibilika, kungaba umsebenzi oqinile ophezulu, kanye nokusabalala okuhle.

●Uhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, olufanele amafilimu ahlukahlukene.

●Ukumelana okuhle nokumelana (ukushisa, isithwathwa, i-asidi, i-alkali, usawoti, uwoyela, okubabayo, njll.).

Ukuhlanzeka kwezinamathiseli kuqala ngokukhiqizwa kwe-PAA eyinhloko ye-aromatic amine (i-aromatic amine eyinhloko), evela ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwama-isocyanates aromatic namanzi ekuphrinteni inki enezingxenye ezimbili kanye nezinamathiseli ezinamathelayo. Ukwakheka kwe-PAA kususelwa kuma-isocyanates aromatic, kodwa hhayi kuma-isocyanates e-aliphatic, ama-acrylics, noma izinamathiseli ezisekelwe ku-epoxy. Ukuba khona kwezinto ezingaqediwe, ezinama-molecule aphansi kanye nezincibilikisi ezisele nakho kungaba yingozi yokuphepha. Ukuba khona kwama-molecule aphansi angaqediwe kanye nezincibilikisi ezisele nakho kungaba yingozi yokuphepha.

3. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko sesikhwama sokupheka
Ngokwezakhiwo zezomnotho nezomzimba nezamakhemikhali zale nto, lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziswa ezikhwameni zokupheka.

Izendlalelo ezimbili: i-PET/CPP, i-BOPA/CPP, i-GL-PET/CPP.

Izendlalelo EZINTATHU: I-PET/AL/CPP, i-BOPA/AL/CPP, i-PET/BOPA/CPP,
I-GL-PET/BOPA/CPP,PET/PVDC/CPP,PET/EVOH/CPP,BOPA/EVOH/CPP

IZINGXENYE EZINE: I-PET/PA/AL/CPP, I-PET/AL/PA/CPP

Isakhiwo esinezitezi eziningi.

Ifilimu ehlanganisiwe ye-PET/EVOH /CPP, ifilimu ehlanganisiwe ye-PET/PVDC /CPP, ifilimu ehlanganisiwe ye-PA/PVDC /CPP Ifilimu ehlanganisiwe ye-PET/EVOH, ifilimu ehlanganisiwe ye-PA/PVDC

4. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zesakhiwo sesikhwama sokupheka
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesikhwama sokupheka siqukethe ungqimba olungaphezulu/ungqimba oluphakathi/ungqimba lokuvala ukushisa. Ungqimba olungaphezulu ngokuvamile lwenziwe nge-PET ne-BOPA, edlala indima yokusekela amandla, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokuphrinta okuhle. Ungqimba oluphakathi lwenziwe nge-Al, PVDC, EVOH, BOPA, edlala indima yokuvimbela, ukuvikela ukukhanya, inhlanganisela enezinhlangothi ezimbili, njll. Ungqimba lokuvala ukushisa lwenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CPP, EVOH, BOPA, njalo njalo. Ukukhethwa kwengqimba yokuvala ukushisa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-CPP, i-PP ekhishwe kanye ne-PVDC, ifilimu ekhishwe kanye ne-EVOH, 110 ℃ ngaphansi kokupheka nakho kufanele kukhethwe ifilimu ye-LLDPE, ikakhulukazi ukuze idlale indima ekuvalelweni kokushisa, ukumelana nokubhoboza, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kodwa futhi nokumuncwa okuphansi kwezinto, inhlanzeko ilungile.

4.1 I-PET/inhlaka/i-PE
Lesi sakhiwo singashintshwa sibe yi-PA / glue / PE, i-PE ingashintshwa ibe yi-HDPE, i-LLDPE, i-MPE, ngaphezu kwenani elincane lefilimu ekhethekile ye-HDPE, ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa yi-PE, evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-100 ~ 110 ℃ noma ngaphezulu amasaka ahlanjululwe; iglue ingakhethwa kusuka kuglue ejwayelekile ye-polyurethane kanye neglue ebilisayo, ayifaneleki ukupakishwa kwenyama, isithiyo asisihle, isikhwama sizoba nemibimbi ngemva kokuphekwa ngomusi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwefilimu lunamathelana. Empeleni, lesi sakhiwo siyisikhwama esibilisiwe noma isikhwama esifakwe i-pasteurized.

4.2 I-PET/iglu/i-CPP
Lesi sakhiwo siyisakhiwo esijwayelekile sesikhwama sokupheka esibonakalayo, singapakishwa kakhulu, esibonakala ngokubonakala komkhiqizo, ungabona ngqo okuqukethwe, kodwa asikwazi ukupakishwa ukuze ugweme ukukhanya komkhiqizo. Umkhiqizo unzima ukuwuthinta, ngokuvamile udinga ukubhoboza amakhona ayindilinga. Lesi sakhiwo somkhiqizo ngokuvamile siwukuhlanzwa okungu-121 ℃, iglue yokupheka evamile yokushisa okuphezulu, i-CPP yokupheka ejwayelekile yokupheka ingaba. Kodwa-ke, iglue kufanele ikhethe izinga elincane lokuncipha kwebanga, ngaphandle kwalokho ukufinyela kwengqimba yeglue ukuze iqhube uyinki ukuze inyakaze, kungenzeka ukuthi ihlukane ngemva kokuyipheka.

4.3 I-BOPA/glue/CPP
Lesi yisikhwama sokupheka esivamile esibonakalayo sokuhlanza ukupheka ngo-121 ℃, ukucaca okuhle, ukuthinta okuthambile, ukumelana okuhle nokubhoboza. Umkhiqizo futhi awukwazi ukusetshenziselwa isidingo sokugwema ukupakishwa komkhiqizo okulula.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-BOPA ine-permeability enkulu, kunemikhiqizo ephrintiwe ekwakhiweni kwe-permeability elula ukukhiqiza ngomusi, ikakhulukazi uchungechunge olubomvu lokungena kwe-inki ebusweni, ukukhiqizwa kwe-inki kuvame ukudinga ukwengeza i-ejenti yokwelapha ukuze kuvinjelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ye-inki ku-BOPA lapho ukunamathela kuphansi, kodwa futhi kulula ukukhiqiza i-anti-stick, ikakhulukazi endaweni enomswakama ophezulu. Imikhiqizo eqediwe kancane kanye nezikhwama eziqediwe ekucutshungulweni kumele zivalwe futhi zipakishwe.

4.4 I-KPET/CPP, i-KBOPA/CPP
Lesi sakhiwo asivamile ukusetshenziswa, ukucaca komkhiqizo kuhle, kunezakhiwo ezivimbelayo eziphakeme, kodwa singasetshenziswa kuphela ekuhlanzeni ngaphansi kuka-115 ℃, ukumelana nokushisa kubi kancane, futhi kukhona ukungabaza ngempilo nokuphepha kwawo.

4.5 I-PET/BOPA/CPP
Lesi sakhiwo somkhiqizo sinamandla aphezulu, ukucaca okuhle, ukumelana okuhle kokubhoboza, ngenxa ye-PET, umehluko wesilinganiso sokuncishiswa kwe-BOPA mkhulu, ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa ama-121 ℃ nangaphansi kokupakishwa komkhiqizo.

Okuqukethwe kwephakheji kune-asidi noma i-alkaline uma kukhethwa lesi sakhiwo semikhiqizo, kunokuba kusetshenziswe isakhiwo esiqukethe i-aluminium.

Ingqimba yangaphandle yeglue ingasetshenziswa ukukhetha iglue ebilisiwe, izindleko zingancishiswa ngokufanele.

4.6 PET/Al/CPP
Lesi yisakhiwo sesikhwama sokupheka esingavamile kakhulu, ngokusho koyinki abahlukene, iglu, i-CPP, izinga lokushisa lokupheka elivela ku-121 ~ 135 ℃ lingasetshenziswa kulesi sakhiwo.

I-PET/inki enengxenye eyodwa/ingcina yokushisa okuphezulu/i-Al7µm/ingcina yokushisa okuphezulu/isakhiwo se-CPP60µm singafinyelela izidingo zokupheka ezingu-121℃.

I-PET/Uyinki onezingxenye ezimbili/Isinamathiseli esinokushisa okuphezulu/I-Al9µm/Isinamathiseli esinokushisa okuphezulu/Isakhiwo se-CPP70µm esinokushisa okuphezulu singaba ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokupheka elingu-121℃, futhi isici sokuvimbela siyanda, futhi isikhathi sokuphila kweshelufu siyandiswa, okungaba ngaphezu konyaka owodwa.

4.7 I-BOPA/Al/CPP
Lesi sakhiwo sifana nesakhiwo esingenhla esingu-4.6, kodwa ngenxa yokumuncwa kwamanzi okukhulu kanye nokuncishiswa kwe-BOPA, asifanele ukupheka ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka-121 ℃, kodwa ukumelana nokubhoboza kungcono, futhi singahlangabezana nezidingo zokupheka ezingu-121 ℃.

4.8 PET/PVDC/CPP、BOPA/PVDC/CPP
Lesi sakhiwo sesithintelo somkhiqizo sihle kakhulu, sifanelekela ukubulala amagciwane okuphekwa ngokushisa okungu-121 ℃ kanye nokushisa okulandelayo, futhi umoya-mpilo unezidingo eziphezulu zesithintelo somkhiqizo.

I-PVDC esakhiweni esingenhla ingathathelwa indawo yi-EVOH, nayo enendawo yokuvimba ephezulu, kodwa impahla yayo yokuvimba iyancipha ngokusobala uma ihlanzwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, futhi i-BOPA ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengengqimba engaphezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho impahla yokuvimba iyancipha kakhulu ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.

4.9 PET/Al/BOPA/CPP
Lokhu kuyisakhiwo esisebenza kahle sama-pocket okupheka esingapakisha cishe noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wokupheka futhi singamelana nokushisa kokupheka okungu-121 kuya ku-135 degrees Celsius.