ISESENGURA RY'IMIKORESHEREZE Y'IBICURUZWA BY'AMASHASHI Y'IBISUBIZO

●Ishobora gucapa imiterere myiza cyane.

●Imara igihe kirekire (amezi 6-12) ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba kandi byoroshye kuyifunga no kuyifungura.

●Ntabwo ari ngombwa gukonjesha, bigabanya amafaranga yo gukonjesha

●Ikwiriye gupakira ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibiribwa, nk'inyama n'inkoko, ibikomoka ku mazi, imbuto n'imboga, ibiryo bitandukanye by'ibinyampeke, n'isupu.

●Ishobora gushyushywa hamwe n'ipaki kugira ngo hirindwe ko uburyohe bwayo butazashira, cyane cyane ikwiriye akazi ko mu murima, ingendo, n'ibiryo bya gisirikare.

Gutunganya imifuka yose yo guteka, harimo ubwoko bw'ibirimo, kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, ishingiro n'iwino, guhitamo kole, inzira yo kubitunganya, isuzuma ry'ibicuruzwa, gupakira no kugenzura uburyo bwo kubisukura, n'ibindi, bitewe n'uko imiterere y'imifuka yo guteka ari yo shingiro, bityo iri ni isesengura ryagutse, atari ugusesengura gusa imiterere y'imifuka y'ibicuruzwa, ahubwo no gusesengura kurushaho imikorere y'imishinga itandukanye, imikoreshereze, umutekano n'isuku, ubukungu n'ibindi.

1. Kwangirika kw'ibiryo no kubikoresha mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije
Abantu baba mu bidukikije bya mikorobe, ibinyabuzima by'isi yose biri mu mikorobe zitabarika, ibiryo mu kororoka kwa mikorobe birenga urugero runaka, ibiryo bizangirika kandi bibure uburyo bwo kuribwa.

Impamvu yo kwangirika kw'ibiryo bya bagiteri zisanzwe ni pseudomonas, vibrio, zombi zirinda ubushyuhe, enterobacteria ku bushyuhe bwa 60 ℃ zishyushye mu minota 30 zirapfa, lactobacilli zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 65 ℃, iminota 30. Bacillus muri rusange ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 95-100 ℃, ishyushya mu minota myinshi, nke zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 120 ℃ mu minota 20 zishyushye. Uretse bagiteri, hari kandi umubare munini w'ibihumyo mu biribwa, harimo Trichoderma, umusemburo n'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, urumuri, ogisijeni, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, agaciro ka PH n'ibindi bishobora gutera kwangirika kw'ibiryo, ariko ikintu nyamukuru ni mikorobe, bityo, gukoresha guteka mu bushyuhe bwinshi mu kwica mikorobe ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kubika ibiryo igihe kirekire.

Gusukura ibiryo bishobora kugabanywamo 72 ℃ pasteurization, 100 ℃ guteka nabi, 121 ℃ guteka nabi mu bushyuhe bwinshi, 135 ℃ guteka nabi mu bushyuhe bwinshi na 145 ℃ guteka nabi mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyane, kimwe n'inganda zimwe na zimwe zikoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gusukura nabi bungana na 110 ℃. Dukurikije ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kugira ngo duhitemo uburyo bwo gusukura nabi, uburyo bugoye cyane bwo gusukura nabi bwa Clostridium botulinum bugaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.

Imbonerahamwe ya 1 Igihe cy'urupfu rw'udukoko twa Clostridium botulinum ugereranyije n'ubushyuhe

ubushyuhe ℃	100	105	110	115	120	125	130	135
Igihe cy'urupfu (iminota)	330	100	32	10	4	Imyaka ya za 80	30s	10s

2. Ibiranga ibikoresho by'ibanze by'isakoshi y'umwuka

Imifuka y'ibikapu byo guteka mu bushyuhe bwinshi irimo ibi bikurikira:

Imikorere yo gupfunyika irambye, kubika neza, gukumira gukura kwa bagiteri, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, nibindi.

Ni ibikoresho byiza cyane bivanze bikwiye gupakirwa ibiryo ako kanya.

Isuzuma risanzwe ry'imiterere ya PET/korido/foil ya aluminiyumu/korido/nylon/RCPP

Isakoshi ishyushya cyane ifite imiterere itatu ya PET/AL/RCPP

AMABWIRIZA Y'IBIKORESHO

(1) Filimi ya PET
Filime ya BOPET ifite imwe muriimbaraga zo gukomera cyaneby'amafirime yose ya pulasitiki, kandi bishobora guhaza ibyo ukeneye ku bicuruzwa bito cyane kandi bikomeye cyane.

Ubudahangarwa bwiza cyane n'ubukonje n'ubushyuhe.Ubushyuhe bukoreshwa muri firime ya BOPET ni hagati ya 70℃ na 150℃, bushobora kugumana imiterere myiza mu bushyuhe bwinshi kandi bukwiriye ipaki nyinshi z'ibicuruzwa.

Imikorere myiza cyane y'inzitizi.Ifite ubushobozi bwo kurengera amazi n'umwuka mu buryo bwuzuye, bitandukanye na nylon igirwaho ingaruka cyane n'ubushuhe, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwirinda amazi busa na PE, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwinjira mu mwuka ni buke cyane. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kurengera umwuka n'impumuro mbi, kandi ni kimwe mu bikoresho bikomeza impumuro nziza.

Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti, burwanya amavuta n'amavuta, imisemburo myinshi hamwe n'aside na alkali bigabanya ubushyuhe.

（2）Filime ya Bopa
Filime za BOPA zifite ubukana buhebuje.Ingufu zo gukurura, imbaraga zo gucika, imbaraga zo gukubita no gucika ni bimwe mu bikoresho byiza bya pulasitiki.

Koroherwa cyane, kudahangarwa n'umwobo w'imashini, ntabwo byoroshye ku bikubiye mu ipfundo, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cya BOPA, koroherwa neza, ariko kandi bigatuma ipaki imera neza.

Imiterere myiza y’uruvange rw’ibintu, impumuro nziza igumana, ubudahangarwa n’ibindi bintu bitari aside ikomeye, cyane cyane ubudahangarwa bw’amavuta.
Ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukora n'aho ishongesha ho 225°C, ishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire hagati ya -60°C na 130°C. Imiterere ya BOPA igumana ubushyuhe buri hasi n'ubwo hejuru.

Imikorere ya firime ya BOPA iterwa cyane n'ubushuhe, kandi ubushobozi bwo kutagira ingano n'imiterere y'inzitizi bigira ingaruka ku bushuhe. Iyo firime ya BOPA imaze gushyirwaho ubushuhe, usibye no gushwanyagurika, muri rusange izaramba. Kugabanuka k'uburebure, igipimo cyo kurekura kigera kuri 1%.

(3) Filime ya polypropylene ya CPP, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikora neza mu kuziba ubushyuhe;
Filimi ya CPP ikozwe muri firime ya polypropylene, firime yo guteka ya CPP ikoresheje ibikoresho fatizo bya binary random copolypropylene, ishashi ya firime ikozwe muri 121-125 ℃ ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi ishobora kwihanganira iminota 30-60.
Filimi yo gutekesha ya CPP ikoresha ibikoresho fatizo bya copolypropylene, ikozwe mu mashashi ya firime ishobora kwihanganira gusukurwa ubushyuhe bwa 135 ℃, iminota 30.

Ibisabwa mu mikorere ni ibi bikurikira: Ubushyuhe bw'aho gushyushya Vicat bugomba kuba burenga ubushyuhe bwo guteka, ubushyuhe bwo guhangana n'ingaruka bugomba kuba bwiza, ubushyuhe bwo guhangana n'ibice by'amakuru, ubushyuhe bwa fish-eye na crystal bugomba kuba buke cyane uko bishoboka kose.

Ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 121 ℃ 0.15Mpa mu guteka, hafi ya yose ikomeza imiterere y'ibiryo, uburyohe, kandi agahu katavunika, kadakura cyangwa ngo gafatane, ifite ubushobozi bwo kugumana neza; akenshi ikoresheje agahu ka nylon cyangwa agahu ka polyester, ipaki irimo ubwoko bw'ibiryo by'isupu, hamwe n'amagufwa y'inyama, amadampo, umuceri, n'ibindi biribwa bikonjeshejwe.

(4) Urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu
Ifiriti ya aluminiyumu niyo yonyine ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika mu buryo bworoshye, ifiriti ya aluminiyumu ni icyuma, ifunga amazi, ifunga gaze, ifunga urumuri, kandi igumana uburyohe ni ikindi kintu cyose gipfunyika biragoye kugereranya. Ifiriti ya aluminiyumu niyo yonyine ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika mu buryo bworoshye. Ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 121 ℃ 0.15Mpa mu guteka, kugira ngo imiterere y'ibiryo, uburyohe, kandi ifiriti ntizameneke, ntizikureho, cyangwa ngo zifatanye, ifite ubushobozi bwo kugumana neza; akenshi ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika kwa nylon cyangwa polyester, ipaki irimo isupu y'ibiryo, n'inyama z'inyama, amadampo, umuceri n'ibindi biryo bikonjeshejwe.

INK 5
Imifuka ikoresha wino ishingiye kuri polyurethane mu gucapa, ibisabwa mu bintu bike bisigazwa, imbaraga nyinshi zivanze, nta ibara rihinduka nyuma yo guteka, nta gucikamo ibice, iminkanyari, nk'ubushyuhe bwo guteka burenga 121 ℃, ijanisha runaka ry'icyuma gikonjesha rigomba kongerwamo kugira ngo wongere ubushyuhe bw'iyi wino.

Isuku y'iwino ni ingenzi cyane, ibyuma biremereye nka cadmium, lead, mercure, chromium, arsenic n'ibindi byuma biremereye bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye ku bidukikije no ku mubiri w'umuntu. Icya kabiri, wino ubwayo ni imiterere y'ibikoresho, wino ifite ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibihuza, amarangi, amarangi, ibintu bitandukanye byongeramo, nko gusukura, kurwanya static, plasticizers n'ibindi byago by'umutekano. Ntibikwiye kwemererwa kongeramo ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibimera biremereye, glycol ether na ester compounds. Ibishongesha bishobora kuba birimo benzene, formaldehyde, methanol, phenol, linkers zishobora kuba zirimo toluene diisocyanate yigenga, amarangi ashobora kuba arimo PCBs, amines aromatic n'ibindi.

(6) Ibikoresho bikonjesha
Ifu ivanze n'umushongi w'amazi ukoresheje kole ya polyurethane ifite ibice bibiri, ikintu nyamukuru gifite amoko atatu: polyester polyol, polyether polyol, polyurethane polyol. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ibintu bivura: aromatic polyisocyanate na aliphatic polyisocyanate. Kole nziza irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi ifite ibi bikurikira:

●Ibikomeye byinshi, ubushyuhe buke, kandi bishobora gukwirakwira neza.

●Gufata neza ku ntangiriro, nta gutakaza imbaraga z'igishishwa nyuma yo gushyushya, nta gushoka kw'imiyoboro mu gihe cyo gukora, nta gushwanyagurika nyuma yo gushyushya.

●Kole ifite umutekano mu isuku, ntabwo ari uburozi kandi nta mpumuro igira.

●Umuvuduko wihuse w'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa n'igihe gito cyo gukura (mu masaha 48 ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki na pulasitiki n'amasaha 72 ku bicuruzwa bya aluminium na pulasitiki).

●Ubunini buke bwo gutwikira, imbaraga nyinshi zo gufatanya, imbaraga nyinshi zo kuziba ubushyuhe, imbaraga nziza zo kwirinda ubushyuhe.

●Ubushyuhe buke bwo gushonga, bishobora kuba imikorere ikomeye cyane, kandi bigakwirakwira neza.

●Ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, rikwiriye filime zitandukanye.

●Ubudahangarwa bwiza ku bushyuhe (ubushyuhe, ubukonje, aside, alkali, umunyu, amavuta, ibirungo, nibindi).

Isuku y'imiti itangirana no gukora amine ya mbere ihumura neza PAA (amine ya mbere ihumura neza), ikomoka ku mikorere y'imiti hagati ya isocyanati ihumura neza n'amazi mu gucapa inki z'ibice bibiri n'imiti ihumura neza. Ishingwa rya PAA rikomoka kuri isocyanati ihumura neza, ariko ntabwo rikomoka kuri isocyanati ya alifatiki, acrylic, cyangwa imiti ishingiye kuri epoxy. Kuba hari ibintu bitarangiye, bifite molekile nke n'imiti ihumura neza bishobora guteza akaga ku mutekano. Kuba hari molekile nke n'imiti ihumura neza bishobora guteza akaga ku mutekano.

3. Imiterere y'ingenzi y'isakoshi yo gutekeshamo
Dukurikije imiterere y’ubukungu, imiterere n’imiti by’ibikoresho, ibi bikurikira bikunze gukoreshwa mu guteka mu masakoshi.

Inzego ebyiri: PET/CPP, BOPA/CPP, GL-PET/CPP.

Inzego ESHATU: PET/AL/CPP, BOPA/AL/CPP, PET/BOPA/CPP,
GL-PET / BOPA / CPP ， PET / PVDC / CPP ， PET / EVOH / CPP ， BOPA / EVOH / CPP

IBYEREKEYE BINE: PET/PA/AL/CPP, PET/AL/PA/CPP

Inyubako y'amagorofa menshi.

PET/ EVOH firime ivanze /CPP, PET/PVDC firime ivanze /CPP, PA/PVDC firime ivanze /CPP PET/EVOH firime ivanze, PA/PVDC firime ivanze

4. Isesengura ry'imiterere y'igikapu cyo gutekeshamo
Imiterere y'ibanze y'agafuka ko gutekeshamo igizwe n'urwego rwo hejuru/urwego rwo hagati/urwego rwo kuziba ubushyuhe. Urwo urwego rwo hejuru muri rusange rugizwe na PET na BOPA, bigira uruhare mu gushyigikira imbaraga, kurwanya ubushyuhe no gucapa neza. Urwo urwego rwo hagati rugizwe na Al, PVDC, EVOH, BOPA, rugizwe ahanini n'uruhare rw'inzitizi, kurinda urumuri, guhuza impande ebyiri, n'ibindi. Urwo urwego rwo kuziba ubushyuhe rugizwe n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa CPP, EVOH, BOPA, n'ibindi. Guhitamo uruhande rwo kuziba ubushyuhe rw'ubwoko butandukanye bwa CPP, PP na PVDC, EVOH, firime yo kuziba ubushyuhe, 110 ℃ munsi y'aho gutekesha nabyo bigomba guhitamo firime ya LLDPE, ahanini kugira ngo bigira uruhare mu kuziba ubushyuhe, kurwanya gutobora, kurwanya imiti, ariko kandi no kudashyiramo ibikoresho mu buryo buhagije, isuku ni nziza.

4.1 PET/kole/PE
Iyi miterere ishobora guhindurwamo PA / kole / PE, PE ishobora guhindurwamo HDPE, LLDPE, MPE, hiyongereyeho umubare muto wa firime yihariye ya HDPE, bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwa PE, ikoreshwa muri rusange ku dufuka 100 ~ 110 ℃ cyangwa hafi yatwo twasizwe; kole ishobora gutoranywa muri kole isanzwe ya polyurethane na kole ishyushye, ntikwiriye gupakira inyama, uruzitiro rurakena, ipfundo rirashwanyagurika nyuma yo gupfuka, kandi rimwe na rimwe urwego rw'imbere rwa firime rurafatana. Mu by'ukuri, iyi miterere ni ipfundo ritetse cyangwa ipfundo ryasizwe pasteurized.

4.2 PET/kole/CPP
Iyi miterere ni imiterere isanzwe y’igikapu cyo gutekeshamo ibonerana, ishobora gupfunyikwamo ibikoresho byinshi byo gutekesha, birangwa no kugaragara kw’ibicuruzwa, ushobora kubona neza ibirimo, ariko ntibishobora gupfunyikwamo kugira ngo wirinde urumuri rw’ibicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa biragoye kubikoraho, akenshi bisaba gukubita impande zizengurutse. Iyi miterere y’ibicuruzwa muri rusange ni ugusukura 121 ℃, kole isanzwe yo gutekesha ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, kole isanzwe yo gutekeshamo ishobora kuba. Ariko, kole igomba guhitamo igipimo gito cyo gupfunyika kw’urwego, bitabaye ibyo kole igabanuka kugira ngo wino igende, hari amahirwe yo gucikamo ibice nyuma yo gushyuha.

4.3 BOPA/kole/CPP
Iyi ni imifuka isanzwe ibonerana yo gutekeshamo ubushyuhe bwa 121 ℃, ibonerana neza, ikoraho buhoro, kandi irinda gutobora neza. Iyi mifuka kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe hakenewe ko ibintu bipfunyikwa mu buryo bworoshye.

Bitewe nuko ubushuhe bwa BOPA ari bwinshi, hari ibikoresho byacapwe mu buryo bworoshye gutanga amabara, cyane cyane urukurikirane rw'ibara ritukura ryinjira hejuru, ikorwa rya wino akenshi rikenera kongeramo umuti wo kuyirinda. Byongeye kandi, bitewe nuko wino iri muri BOPA iyo ifatana ari nke, ariko kandi byoroshye kuyikoramo ibintu birwanya gufatana, cyane cyane ahantu hafite ubushuhe bwinshi. Ibikoresho byarangiye neza n'amasashe arangije gutunganywa bigomba gufungwa no gupfunyikwa.

4.4 KPET/CPP、KBOPA/CPP
Iyi nyubako ntabwo ikunze gukoreshwa, ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa ni bwiza, bifite imiterere miremire y'imbogamizi, ariko ishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu gukingira indwara munsi ya 115 ℃, ubushyuhe buragabanuka gato, kandi hari gushidikanya ku buzima n'umutekano wabyo.

4.5 PET/BOPA/CPP
Iyi miterere y'umusaruro ifite imbaraga nyinshi, irabagirana neza, irarwanya gutobora neza, bitewe na PET, BOPA ifite itandukaniro rinini mu gipimo cyo gushonga, muri rusange ikoreshwa kuri 121 ℃ no munsi y'aho ipakiye.

Ibikubiye mu ipaki biba bifite aside cyangwa alkaline nyinshi iyo uhisemo iyi miterere y'ibicuruzwa, aho gukoresha imiterere irimo aluminiyumu.

Urupapuro rw'inyuma rwa kole rushobora gukoreshwa mu guhitamo kole itetse, ikiguzi gishobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye.

4.6 PET/Al/CPP
Iyi ni yo miterere isanzwe y'igikapu cyo gutekeshamo idakoresha isura, hakurikijwe irangi, kole, CPP, ubushyuhe bwo guteka kuva kuri 121 ~ 135 ℃ bushobora gukoreshwa muri iyi miterere.

PET/wino y'igice kimwe/kole ikoze mu bushyuhe bwinshi/Al7µm/kole ikoze mu bushyuhe bwinshi/CPP60µm imiterere yayo ishobora kugera ku gipimo cya 121℃.

PET/Wino y'ibice bibiri/Kole ishyushye cyane/Al9µm/Kole ishyushye cyane/Imiterere ya CPP70µm ishyushye cyane ishobora kuba iri hejuru ya 121℃ ubushyuhe bwo guteka, kandi imiterere y'inkingo iriyongereye, kandi igihe cyo kubika ibintu kigakomeza kwiyongera, gishobora kuba kirenze umwaka umwe.

4.7 BOPA/Al/CPP
Iyi miterere isa n’iyavuzwe haruguru kuri 4.6, ariko bitewe nuko BOPA ifata amazi menshi kandi igatakaza ubushyuhe, ntabwo ikwiriye gutekwa ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 121 ℃, ariko ubushobozi bwo gutobora ni bwiza kurushaho, kandi ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu guteka kuri 121 ℃.

4.8 PET/PVDC/CPP、BOPA/PVDC/CPP
Iyi miterere y'urukingo rw'ibicuruzwa ni nziza cyane, ikwiriye ubushyuhe bwa 121 ℃ no mu buryo bukurikira bwo guteka, kandi ogisijeni ifite ibisabwa byinshi ku rukingo rw'ibicuruzwa.

PVDC iri mu nyubako yavuzwe haruguru ishobora gusimburwa na EVOH, nayo ifite ubushobozi bwo kurengera ibidukikije, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurengera ibidukikije bugabanuka cyane iyo itetse ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi BOPA ntishobora gukoreshwa nk'urwego rw'ubuso, bitabaye ibyo ubushobozi bwo kurengera ibidukikije bugabanuka cyane uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera.

4.9 PET/Al/BOPA/CPP
Iyi ni imashini yo gutekesha ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora cyane ishobora gupakira hafi ibiryo byose byo gutekesha kandi ishobora no kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo guteka kuri dogere selisiyusi 121 kugeza 135.