Ukuqonda Ukuthobela Unxibelelwano Lokutya Kwiipokotshi Eziphantsi

Xa ukhetha ukupakisha iimveliso zokutya, iimpawu zihlala zigxila kwinkangeleko, ukuqina, ixesha elichithwe, kunye nexabiso. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimpawu zokutya zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabathengisi, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukuba ingaba ukupakisha kuyahambelana nemigaqo yokunxibelelana kokutya kwimarike yendawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Isikhwama esisezantsi esithe tyaba sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwikofu, izidlo ezikhawulezayo, ukutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya, ukutya okomileyo, amandongomane, iilekese, kunye nezinye izinto zokutya kuba sibonelela ngozinzo oluhle kakhulu kwishelufu, indawo enkulu yokuprinta, kunye nenkangeleko ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, emva koyilo oluhle kukho isakhiwo esintsonkothileyo esinee-multilayer ekufuneka sihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko.

Isikhwama esisezantsi esithe tyaba esikumgangatho wokutya asichazwa kuphela zizinto ezisetyenziselwa umaleko ongaphakathi. Ulwakhiwo olupheleleyo lokupakisha, kuquka ifilimu yokuprinta, umaleko wokuthintela, iglu, i-inki, kunye nomaleko wokuvala ubushushu, kufuneka luhlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto zifanelekile ukudibana nokutya ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo.

Kwimveliso ezithengiswayo zePACKMIC kwihlabathi liphela, ukuqonda imigaqo yokupakisha ukutya ye-FDA kunye ne-EU kubalulekile. Isikhwama esithobela imithetho kwimarike enye sisenokungazifezekisi ngokuzenzekelayo iimfuno kwenye imarike.

Kubathengi baseYurophu, iSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho (i-DoC) luxwebhu olubalulekileyo olufunekayo ukuze kuvunywe kwaye kuqinisekiswe iimveliso zokupakisha ukutya. Ibonelela ngolwazi olucacileyo malunga nokuba ukupakisha kuyahambelana na nemigaqo efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana kokutya ye-EU kunye nokuba kufanelekile na kwisicelo esicetywayo.

Isibhengezo esipheleleyo se-EU sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho sidla ngokuquka iinkcukacha ezifana nemigaqo elandelwayo kupakisho, izinto ezisetyenziswa kwisakhiwo sopakisho, iintlobo zeemveliso zokutya ezenzelwe yona, kunye neemeko ezilindelekileyo zokusetyenziswa, kubandakanya ubushushu bokudibana kunye nobude bexesha. Kufuneka sikwabhekisele kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokufuduka ezifanelekileyo kwaye sichonge naziphi na izinto ezithintelweyo okanye iimfuno ezithile ezifuna ingqalelo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka kunye neSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho zenza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka inika iziphumo zovavanyo ngokusekelwe kwiisampuli ezithile, ngelixa i-DoC yingxelo esemthethweni yokuthobela ekhutshwa ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezinto zokupakisha, inkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye neemfuno zomthetho. Ke ngoko, ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka yodwa ayinakuthatha indawo yeSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho esipheleleyo.

Kubathengi baseYurophu, iSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho (i-DoC) luxwebhu olubalulekileyo olufunekayo ukuze kuvunywe kwaye kuqinisekiswe iimveliso zokupakisha ukutya. Ibonelela ngolwazi olucacileyo malunga nokuba ukupakisha kuyahambelana na nemigaqo efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana kokutya ye-EU kunye nokuba kufanelekile na kwisicelo esicetywayo.

Isibhengezo esipheleleyo se-EU sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho sidla ngokuquka iinkcukacha ezifana nemigaqo elandelwayo kupakisho, izinto ezisetyenziswa kwisakhiwo sopakisho, iintlobo zeemveliso zokutya ezenzelwe yona, kunye neemeko ezilindelekileyo zokusetyenziswa, kubandakanya ubushushu bokudibana kunye nobude bexesha. Kufuneka sikwabhekisele kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokufuduka ezifanelekileyo kwaye sichonge naziphi na izinto ezithintelweyo okanye iimfuno ezithile ezifuna ingqalelo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka kunye neSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho zenza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka inika iziphumo zovavanyo ngokusekelwe kwiisampuli ezithile, ngelixa i-DoC yingxelo esemthethweni yokuthobela ekhutshwa ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezinto zokupakisha, inkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye neemfuno zomthetho. Ke ngoko, ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka yodwa ayinakuthatha indawo yeSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho esipheleleyo.

Umzekelo, imithetho yokupakisha ukutya eMelika ilawulwa kakhulu yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) phantsi kweSihloko 21 seKhowudi yeMigaqo yeFederal (21 CFR). EYurophu, izixhobo zokunxibelelana nokutya zilawulwa ikakhulu ngeRegulation (EC) No. 1935/2004 kunye neRegulation (EU) No. 10/2011.

Njengomvelisi wokupakisha onobuchule obuguquguqukayo, iPACKMIC isebenza neebhrendi zokutya kwihlabathi liphela ukubonelela ngeengxowa ezisicaba ezisezantsi ezenzelwe wena ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokunxibelelana kokutya zamazwe ngamazwe, ezixhaswa ngamaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho, iziqinisekiso zomgangatho, kunye nokulandeleka kwemveliso.

Yintoni Eyenza I-Flat Bottom Pouch Ibe Yi-Grade Yokutya?

Igama elithi “udidi lokutya” lidla ngokusetyenziswa kwishishini lokupakisha, kodwa abathengi abaninzi abaqondi ukuba lithetha ukuthini ngokwembono yobugcisa.

Izinto zokupakisha ukutya azisebenzi kwaphela. Ngexesha lokugcina, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko eziquka ubushushu, ukufuma, okanye ixesha elide lokugcinwa, izinto ezincinci ezivela kwizinto zokupakisha zinokungena ekutyeni.

Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba yi-migration.

Imibutho elawulayo kwihlabathi liphela ibeka imida yokulawula ukufuduka kwaye iqinisekise ukuba ukupakisha akuchaphazeli kakubi ukhuseleko lokutya, umgangatho wemveliso, incasa, okanye impilo yabathengi.

Kwiphakheji eguquguqukayo, ukufuduka kunokuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo, kuquka:

Ifilimu eprintiweyo yangaphandle, ebonelela ngophawu kunye nokukhuselwa koomatshini.

Umaleko wesithintelo, ofana nefoyile ye-aluminiyam okanye i-PET eyenziwe ngesinyithi, okhusela iimveliso kwioksijini, ukufuma, nokukhanya.

Umaleko wokuncamathelisa, odibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokulamina.

Umaleko wangaphakathi wokutywina, odla ngokuba yi-PE okanye i-CPP, odibana ngqo nemveliso epakishiweyo.

Isakhiwo ngasinye senziwe ngokweemfuno zemveliso. Umzekelo, ikofu ifuna ukhuseleko oluqinileyo lweoksijini kunye nevumba elimnandi, ngelixa izimuncumuncu zinokugxila ngakumbi ekumelaneni nokufuma kunye namandla oomatshini.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuthobela imithetho akumiselwa kuphela zizinto ezisetyenziswa ngabanye.

Ukungaqondani okuqhelekileyo kukuba ukuba yonke ifilimu esetyenzisiweyo kwisingxobo ihambelana nokutya, isingxobo sokugqibela sihambelana ngokuzenzekelayo. Enyanisweni, isakhiwo esigqityiweyo esenziwe nge-laminate kufuneka sivavanywe kuba izincamathelisi, ii-inki, kunye neemeko zokucubungula zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kokugqibela kokupakishwa.

Ke ngoko, abavelisi beepakethe abaziingcali kufuneka balawule yonke inkqubo ukusuka ekukhetheni izinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekuprinteni, ekutshixeni, ekulungiseni, ekwenzeni iibhegi, nasekuhlolweni kokugqibela.

Iimfuno ze-FDA zeePouches zeGrade Food

Kwiimveliso ezithengiswa eMelika, izinto zokupakisha ezidityaniswe nokutya zilawulwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Imigaqo ephambili yokupakisha okuguquguqukayo ifakiwe kwiSihloko 21 CFR, ingakumbi iCandelo 174 ukuya kwiCandelo 177.

Le migaqo ichaza ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokusetyenziswa xa kutyiwa kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko.

I-FDA 21 CFR Icandelo 174 libonelela ngeemfuno eziqhelekileyo zezongezo zokutya ezingathanga ngqo.

I-FDA 21 CFR Icandelo 175 ligubungela izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye neengubo ezinokusetyenziswa ekupakisheni ukutya.

I-FDA 21 CFR Icandelo 177 ligubungela iipolymers kunye neeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zokupakisha.

Izinto ezininzi zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo ezisetyenziselwa iingxowa ezisicaba ezisezantsi ziwela phantsi kwemigaqo yepolymer kwiCandelo 177.

Umzekelo, i-polyethylene, esetyenziswa kakhulu njengomaleko wokudibanisa ukutya okuvala ubushushu, idla ngokubhekiselwa kwi-FDA 21 CFR 177.1520.

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokuba neereferensi ezahlukeneyo ze-FDA ngokuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwazo lweekhemikhali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo okucetywayo.

Kwiimpawu ezithenga ukupakisha kubathengisi bamanye amazwe, kubalulekile ukucela amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha zokuthobela imithetho kunokwamkela nje iingxelo ezithi “ivunyiwe yi-FDA.”

Kwishishini lokupakisha, i-FDA ayivumi iingxowa ezigqityiweyo ngendlela efanayo naleyo abathengi abanokuyiqonda. Endaweni yoko, imithetho ye-FDA ivumela izixhobo ezithile kunye nezinto ezithile zokusetyenziswa kokutya okuthile.

Umthengisi oqeqeshiweyo kufuneka akwazi ukubonelela:

Iingxelo zokuthobela i-FDA

Iireferensi ze-CFR ezingama-21 ezisebenzayo

Ulwazi oluphathekayo

Ukulandeleka kwemveliso

Ukuxhasa iingxelo zovavanyo lokufuduka xa kufuneka

Apha kwi-PACKMIC, silungiselela amaxwebhu anxulumene ne-FDA ngokweemfuno zemarike yabathengi kunye nezicelo zemveliso, sinceda abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba benze lula inkqubo yabo yokuvunywa kokupakisha.

Imigaqo yoQhagamshelwano lokutya lwe-EU kwiingxowa

I-European Union inenye yezona nkqubo zibanzi zokulawula ukupakisha ukutya emhlabeni.

Kwizinto zokupakisha zeplastiki eziguquguqukayo, kukho imithetho emibini ebaluleke kakhulu:

Ummiselo (EC) No. 1935/2004

Lo mgaqo ubonelela ngesakhelo esiqhelekileyo sazo zonke izinto zokunxibelelana nokutya.

Ifuna ukuba izinto zokupakisha:

Musa ukukhupha izinto ezinokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu.

Musa ukubangela utshintsho olungamkelekanga kwindlela ukutya okuphekwe ngayo.

Musa ukuyichaphazela kakubi incasa, ivumba, okanye inkangeleko yokutya.

Lo mthetho awusebenzi kuphela kwiipakethe zeplastiki kodwa nakwezinye izinto zokudibanisa ukutya.

Ummiselo (i-EU) No. 10/2011 – Ummiselo weZixhobo zePlastiki

Ngokuphathelele ukupakisha iplastiki, uMgaqo (i-EU) No. 10/2011 ngummiselo ophambili.

Imisela iimfuno ze:

Izinto ezigunyazisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zeplastiki.

Iinkqubo zovavanyo lokufuduka.

Izinto zokulinganisa ukutya.

Ubushushu kunye neemeko zexesha.

Imida ethile yokufuduka kwezinto ezithile.

Lo mthetho umisela umda wokufuduka jikelele ukulawula inani lilonke lezinto ezinokudluliselwa ukusuka ekupakishweni ziye ekutyeni.

Umda oqhelekileyo obhekiselelweyo ngulo:

I-10 mg nge-square decimeter nganye yomphezulu wokudibana kokutya.

Kwiindlela ezithile zokubala, oku kuhambelana ne-60 mg ngekhilogram yokutya.

Ngaphandle kokufuduka ngokubanzi, ezinye izinto zinemiqathango ethile eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Specific Migration Limits (SML).

Ngoko ke, ukuthobela i-EU kufuna okungaphezulu kokukhetha nje ifilimu yeplastiki ekhuselekileyo ekutyeni. Lonke ulwakhiwo lokupakisha kufuneka luhlolwe ngokwesicelo esicetywayo.

Kutheni iSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho sibalulekile kwiPakethe yokutya ye-EU

Kubathengi baseYurophu, iSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho (i-DoC) luxwebhu olubalulekileyo olufunekayo ukuze kuvunywe kwaye kuqinisekiswe iimveliso zokupakisha ukutya. Ibonelela ngolwazi olucacileyo malunga nokuba ukupakisha kuyahambelana na nemigaqo efanelekileyo yokunxibelelana kokutya ye-EU kunye nokuba kufanelekile na kwisicelo esicetywayo.

Isibhengezo esipheleleyo se-EU sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho sidla ngokuquka iinkcukacha ezifana nemigaqo elandelwayo kupakisho, izinto ezisetyenziswa kwisakhiwo sopakisho, iintlobo zeemveliso zokutya ezenzelwe yona, kunye neemeko ezilindelekileyo zokusetyenziswa, kubandakanya ubushushu bokudibana kunye nobude bexesha. Kufuneka sikwabhekisele kwiziphumo zovavanyo lokufuduka ezifanelekileyo kwaye sichonge naziphi na izinto ezithintelweyo okanye iimfuno ezithile ezifuna ingqalelo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka kunye neSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho zenza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka inika iziphumo zovavanyo ngokusekelwe kwiisampuli ezithile, ngelixa i-DoC yingxelo esemthethweni yokuthobela ekhutshwa ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezinto zokupakisha, inkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye neemfuno zomthetho. Ke ngoko, ingxelo yovavanyo lokufuduka yodwa ayinakuthatha indawo yeSibhengezo sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho esipheleleyo.

Ingxelo yovavanyo inika iziphumo zelebhu, ngelixa i-DoC iyingxelo esemthethweni yokuthobela imithetho edibanisa imveliso yokupakisha nemigaqo efanelekileyo.

Apha kwi-PACKMIC, sinikezela ngeepakethe zamaxwebhu okupakisha ukutya ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zabathengi, kuquka iSibhengezo sokuthobela imithetho se-EU, amaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho ye-FDA, iingxelo zovavanyo lokufuduka, kunye neerekhodi zokulandelela imveliso.