Ukuqonda Ukuhambisana Nokudla Kwama-Flat Bottom Pouches

Uma ukhetha ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yokudla, imikhiqizo ivame ukugxila ekubukekeni, ukuqina, isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kanye nezindleko. Kodwa-ke, kumikhiqizo yokudla yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nabathengisi, esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukupakishwa kuyahambisana yini nemithethonqubo yokuxhumana nokudla emakethe yendawo oya kuyo.

Isikhwama esiphansi esiyisicaba sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekhofi, ukudla okulula, ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ukudla okomile, amantongomane, amaswidi, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokudla ngoba sinikeza ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu eshalofini, indawo enkulu yokunyathelisa, kanye nokubukeka okuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva komklamo okhangayo kunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinezingqimba eziningi okumele sihlangabezane nezidingo zokuphepha eziqinile.

Isikhwama esiphansi esiphansi esisezingeni lokudla asichazwa kuphela ngezinto ezisetshenziswa ungqimba lwangaphakathi. Isakhiwo esiphelele sokupakisha, okuhlanganisa ifilimu yokunyathelisa, ungqimba oluvimbelayo, ingcina, uyinki, kanye nongqimba oluvala ukushisa, kumele sihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zilungele ukuthintana nokudla okuqondile noma okungaqondile.

Ukuze kuthengiswe imikhiqizo ye-PACKMIC emhlabeni jikelele, ukuqonda imithetho yokupakisha ukudla ye-FDA neye-EU kubalulekile. Isikhwama esihambisana nemithetho emakethe eyodwa singase singahlangabezani ngokuzenzakalela nezidingo kwenye imakethe.

Kumakhasimende aseYurophu, iSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho (i-DoC) siyidokhumenti ebalulekile edingekayo ukuze kuvunywe futhi kuqinisekiswe imikhiqizo yokupakisha ukudla. Inikeza ulwazi olucacile mayelana nokuthi ukupakisha kuyahambisana yini nemithethonqubo efanele yokuxhumana kokudla ye-EU nokuthi kuyafaneleka yini ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe.

Isimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho se-EU esiphelele sivame ukufaka imininingwane efana nemithethonqubo elandelwa yiphakheji, izinto ezisetshenziswa esakhiweni sephakheji, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokudla eyenzelwe yona, kanye nezimo ezilindelekile zokusetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa lokuxhumana kanye nobude besikhathi. Kufanele futhi ibhekisele emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kokufuduka efanele futhi ikhombe noma yiziphi izinto ezivinjelwe noma izidingo ezithile ezidinga ukunakwa.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka kanye neSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho kufeza izinjongo ezahlukene. Umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka unikeza imiphumela yokuhlola ngokusekelwe kumasampula athile, kuyilapho i-DoC iyisitatimende esisemthethweni sokuthobela imithetho esikhishwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kwezinto zokupakisha, inqubo yokukhiqiza, kanye nezidingo zomthetho. Ngakho-ke, umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka wodwa awukwazi ukuthatha indawo yeSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho esiphelele.

Kumakhasimende aseYurophu, iSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho (i-DoC) siyidokhumenti ebalulekile edingekayo ukuze kuvunywe futhi kuqinisekiswe imikhiqizo yokupakisha ukudla. Inikeza ulwazi olucacile mayelana nokuthi ukupakisha kuyahambisana yini nemithethonqubo efanele yokuxhumana kokudla ye-EU nokuthi kuyafaneleka yini ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe.

Isimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho se-EU esiphelele sivame ukufaka imininingwane efana nemithethonqubo elandelwa yiphakheji, izinto ezisetshenziswa esakhiweni sephakheji, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokudla eyenzelwe yona, kanye nezimo ezilindelekile zokusetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa lokuxhumana kanye nobude besikhathi. Kufanele futhi ibhekisele emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kokufuduka efanele futhi ikhombe noma yiziphi izinto ezivinjelwe noma izidingo ezithile ezidinga ukunakwa.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka kanye neSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho kufeza izinjongo ezahlukene. Umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka unikeza imiphumela yokuhlola ngokusekelwe kumasampula athile, kuyilapho i-DoC iyisitatimende esisemthethweni sokuthobela imithetho esikhishwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kwezinto zokupakisha, inqubo yokukhiqiza, kanye nezidingo zomthetho. Ngakho-ke, umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka wodwa awukwazi ukuthatha indawo yeSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho esiphelele.

Isibonelo, imithethonqubo yokupakisha ukudla e-United States ilawulwa kakhulu yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngaphansi kwesihloko 21 seKhodi yeMithethonqubo Kahulumeni (21 CFR). EYurophu, izinto zokuxhumana nokudla zilawulwa kakhulu ngeMithethonqubo (EC) No. 1935/2004 kanye neMithethonqubo (EU) No. 10/2011.

Njengomkhiqizi wokupakisha ochwepheshe oguquguqukayo, i-PACKMIC isebenza nemikhiqizo yokudla emhlabeni wonke ukuhlinzeka ngezikhwama eziphansi ezisicaba ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuxhumana kokudla zomhlaba wonke, ezisekelwa yimibhalo yokuthobela imithetho, izitifiketi zekhwalithi, kanye nokulandeleka komkhiqizo.

Yini Eyenza Isikhwama Esiphansi Esiphansi Sibe Yizinga Lokudla Eliphezulu?

Igama elithi “izinga lokudla” livame ukusetshenziswa embonini yokupakisha, kodwa abathengi abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi lisho ukuthini ngempela ngokombono wobuchwepheshe.

Izinto zokupakisha ukudla azisebenzi ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokugcina, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihilela ukushisa, umswakama, noma isikhathi eside sokuphila, inani elincane lezinto ezivela ezintweni zokupakisha lingase lithuthele ekudleni.

Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi ukufuduka.

Izinhlangano ezilawulayo emhlabeni wonke zibeka imingcele yokulawula ukufuduka futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ukupakisha akuthinti kabi ukuphepha kokudla, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukunambitheka, noma impilo yabathengi.

Ukuze kube nokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo, ukufuduka kungavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesakhiwo, okuhlanganisa:

Ifilimu ephrintiwe yangaphandle, enikeza uphawu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini.

Ingqimba yesithiyo, njenge-aluminium foil noma i-PET eyenziwe ngensimbi, evikela imikhiqizo emoyeni, emswakama nasekukhanyeni.

Ingqimba yokunamathela, ehlanganisa izinto ezahlukene ndawonye ngesikhathi sokulamina.

Isendlalelo sangaphakathi sokuvala, ngokuvamile i-PE noma i-CPP, esithinta ngqo umkhiqizo opakishiwe.

Isakhiwo ngasinye sakhiwe ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ikhofi idinga ukuvikelwa komoya-mpilo kanye nephunga elinamandla, kuyilapho ukudla okulula kungagxila kakhulu ekumelaneni nomswakama kanye namandla okusebenza.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhambisana akunqunywa kuphela ngezinto ngazinye.

Ukungaqondi okuvamile ukuthi uma yonke ifilimu esetshenziswa esikhwameni ihambisana nokudla, isikhwama sokugcina sihambisana ngokuzenzakalelayo. Eqinisweni, isakhiwo esiqediwe esenziwe nge-laminate kumele sihlolwe ngoba izinamathiselo, uyinki, kanye nezimo zokucubungula kungathinta ukusebenza kokugcina kokupakisha.

Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bokupakisha abangochwepheshe badinga ukulawula inqubo ephelele kusukela ekukhetheni izinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekuphrinteni, ekushiseni, ekulungiseni, ekwenzeni izikhwama, kanye nasekuhlolweni kokugcina.

Izidingo ze-FDA zamaPouches ebanga lokudla

Ngemikhiqizo ethengiswa e-United States, izinto zokupakisha ezithinta ukudla zilawulwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Imithetho eyinhloko yokupakisha okuguquguqukayo ifakiwe kuSihloko 21 CFR, ikakhulukazi iZingxenye 174 kuya ku-177.

Le mithetho ichaza ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingasetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kokudla futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo.

Ingxenye 174 ye-FDA 21 CFR inikeza izidingo ezijwayelekile zezithako zokudla ezingaqondile.

Ingxenye 175 ye-FDA 21 CFR ihlanganisa izinto zokunamathisela kanye nezingubo ezingasetshenziswa ekupakisheni ukudla.

Ingxenye 177 ye-FDA 21 CFR ihlanganisa ama-polymer namapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kwempahla.

Izinto eziningi zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo ezisetshenziselwa izikhwama eziphansi ezisicaba ziwela ngaphansi kwemithethonqubo ye-polymer kuNgxenye 177.

Isibonelo, i-polyethylene, esetshenziswa kabanzi njengengqimba yokuxhumana nokudla okuvala ukushisa, ivame ukubhekiselwa kuyo ngaphansi kwe-FDA 21 CFR 177.1520.

Izinto ezahlukene zingase zibe nezinkomba ezahlukene ze-FDA kuye ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali azo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.

Kumabhrendi athenga amaphakheji kubaphakeli baphesheya kwezilwandle, kubalulekile ukucela imibhalo eningiliziwe yokuthobela imithetho kunokwamukela nje izitatimende ezinjengokuthi “kuvunyelwe yi-FDA.”

Embonini yokupakisha, i-FDA ayivumeli izikhwama eziqediwe ngendlela efanayo naleyo abathengi abangayiqonda. Esikhundleni salokho, imithetho ye-FDA igunyaza izinto ezithile nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kutholakale ukudla okuthile.

Umhlinzeki ochwepheshe kufanele akwazi ukuhlinzeka:

Izitatimende zokuthobela imithetho ye-FDA

Izinkomba ze-CFR ezingama-21 ezisebenzayo

Ulwazi lwezinto ezibonakalayo

Ukulandeleka komkhiqizo

Ukusekela imibiko yokuhlolwa kokufuduka uma kudingeka

Kwa-PACKMIC, silungiselela amadokhumenti ahlobene ne-FDA ngokuya ngezidingo zemakethe yamakhasimende kanye nezicelo zomkhiqizo, sisiza amakhasimende aphesheya ukuba enze lula inqubo yawo yokugunyazwa kokupakisha.

Imithetho Yokuxhumana Nokudla ye-EU Yamaphakethe

I-European Union inolunye lwezinhlelo zokulawula ukupakishwa kokudla eziphelele kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ukuze kube nokupakishwa kwepulasitiki okuguquguqukayo, imithetho emibili ibaluleke kakhulu:

Umthethonqubo (EC) No. 1935/2004

Lo mthethonqubo uhlinzeka ngohlaka olujwayelekile lwazo zonke izinto zokuxhumana nokudla.

Kudinga ukuthi izinto zokupakisha:

Ungakhiphi izinto ezingabeka impilo yabantu engozini.

Ungabangeli izinguquko ezingamukeleki ekwakhiweni kokudla.

Ungaphazamisi ukunambitheka, iphunga, noma ukubukeka kokudla.

Lo mthetho awusebenzi nje kuphela ekupakisheni kwepulasitiki kodwa nakwezinye izinto zokuxhumana nokudla.

Umthethonqubo (i-EU) No. 10/2011 – Umthethonqubo Wezinto Zepulasitiki

Ngokuphathelene nokupakishwa kwepulasitiki, uMthethonqubo (i-EU) No. 10/2011 uwumthethonqubo oyinhloko.

Ibeka izidingo zalokhu okulandelayo:

Izinto ezigunyaziwe ezisetshenziswa ezintweni zepulasitiki.

Izinqubo zokuhlola ukufuduka.

Izinto zokulingisa ukudla.

Izinga lokushisa kanye nezimo zesikhathi.

Imikhawulo ethile yokufuduka kwezinto ezithile.

Lo mthetho ubeka umkhawulo wokufuduka ojwayelekile ukulawula inani eliphelele lezinto ezingadluliselwa kusuka ekupakishweni ziye ekudleni.

Umkhawulo ovame ukubhekiselwa kuwo yilona:

10 mg ngedesimitha yesikwele ngasinye sobuso bokuthintana kokudla.

Ezibalweni ezithile, lokhu kuhambelana no-60 mg ngekhilogremu yokudla.

Ngaphandle kokufuduka okuphelele, ezinye izinto zinemikhawulo ngayinye eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Specific Migration Limits (SML).

Ngakho-ke, ukuthobela imithetho ye-EU kudinga okungaphezu nje kokukhetha ifilimu yepulasitiki ephephile ekudleni. Lonke isakhiwo sokupakisha kumele sihlolwe ngokwesicelo esihlosiwe.

Kungani Isimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho Sibalulekile Ekupakisheni Ukudla kwe-EU

Kumakhasimende aseYurophu, iSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho (i-DoC) siyidokhumenti ebalulekile edingekayo ukuze kuvunywe futhi kuqinisekiswe imikhiqizo yokupakisha ukudla. Inikeza ulwazi olucacile mayelana nokuthi ukupakisha kuyahambisana yini nemithethonqubo efanele yokuxhumana kokudla ye-EU nokuthi kuyafaneleka yini ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe.

Isimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho se-EU esiphelele sivame ukufaka imininingwane efana nemithethonqubo elandelwa yiphakheji, izinto ezisetshenziswa esakhiweni sephakheji, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokudla eyenzelwe yona, kanye nezimo ezilindelekile zokusetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa lokuxhumana kanye nobude besikhathi. Kufanele futhi ibhekisele emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kokufuduka efanele futhi ikhombe noma yiziphi izinto ezivinjelwe noma izidingo ezithile ezidinga ukunakwa.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka kanye neSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho kufeza izinjongo ezahlukene. Umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka unikeza imiphumela yokuhlola ngokusekelwe kumasampula athile, kuyilapho i-DoC iyisitatimende esisemthethweni sokuthobela imithetho esikhishwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuphelele kwezinto zokupakisha, inqubo yokukhiqiza, kanye nezidingo zomthetho. Ngakho-ke, umbiko wokuhlolwa kokufuduka wodwa awukwazi ukuthatha indawo yeSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho esiphelele.

Umbiko wokuhlola unikeza imiphumela yelabhorethri, kanti i-DoC iyisitatimende esisemthethweni sokuthobela imithetho esixhumanisa umkhiqizo wokupakisha nemithethonqubo esebenzayo.

Kwa-PACKMIC, sihlinzeka ngamaphakheji amadokhumenti okupakisha ukudla ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zamakhasimende, okuhlanganisa iSimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho se-EU, amadokhumenti okuthobela i-FDA, imibiko yokuhlolwa kokufuduka, kanye namarekhodi okulandelela ukukhiqizwa.